SpaceX ..vision . organization .Elon Musk vision , presentation by Univ of Cincinnati

SpaceX ..vision . organization .Elon Musk vision , presentation by Univ of Cincinnati

• 1. SpaceX founding , Musk’s vision, facilities, organization, personnel Jim Rauf OLLI Fall 2023 1

• 2. 1 Introduction: topics , some basics and rocket pioneers 2 SpaceX founding , Musk’s vision, facilities, organization, personnel 3 SpaceX and NASA commercial funding 4 Falcon rockets and engines , Falcon 1, Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy 5 Dragon spacecraft , Cargo Dragon and Crew Dragon 6 Super Heavy booster and engines and Starship spacecraft 7 Starship competition for Artemis Moon Human Landing System 8 Musk’s Mars vision , plans and challenges OLLI Fall 2023 2

• 3. Company Description • SpaceX offers a family of launch vehicles that improves launch reliability and low cost • Company philosophy : simplicity, reliability and cost effectiveness are closely connected • SpaceX corporate structure is flat - business processes are lean, resulting in fast decision-making and product delivery • SpaceX design and manufacturing facilities are located near the Los Angeles International Airport • SpaceX vehicle design teams are co- located with production and quality assurance staff • SpaceX has developed and flown the Falcon 1 launch vehicle, the Falcon 9 medium-lift launch vehicle, the Falcon Heavy launch vehicle and Dragon space craft- the first commercially produced spacecraft to visit the International Space Station (ISS) • SpaceX operates propulsion and structural test facilities in Central Texas, launch sites in Florida and California, and a commercial orbital launch site in South Texas • SpaceX customer are commercial, government and international • NASA has awarded SpaceX contracts to transport astronauts to space as well as to launch scientific satellites • SpaceX’s first crewed test flight with the Crew Dragon spacecraft launched in May 2020 • NASA has certified the Falcon 9 / Crew Dragon system for human spaceflight • SpaceX is providing operational missions to the International Space Station • SpaceX is on contract with the U.S. Space Force for multiple missions on the Falcon family of launch vehicles OLLI Fall 2023 3

• 4. Founding Elon Musk • Elon Musk was born on June 28, 1971 in Pretoria, South Africa • He grew up in South Africa and attended school through high school • He moved to Canada at age 17 to avoid mandatory service in the South African military and obtained his Canadian citizenship (Mother was Canadian) • Musk became a U.S. citizen in 2002 • He studied briefly at Pretoria University in South Africa, Queen's University in Canada, and Stanford University in the US • Elon Musk education includes physics and economics degrees from the University of Pennsylvania • He is the current CEO&Chief Product Architect of Tesla, Inc • He is CEO of Solar City • He is CEO & CTO of SpaceX • He is the founder of the Boring Company • He is primary owner of X Corp • He is co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI • He is president of the Musk Foundation OLLI Fall 2023 4

• 5. Founding Elon Musk • In early 2002 Elon Musk was pursuing a grand scheme to rekindle public interest in sending humans to Mars • Musk’s idea was to place a small greenhouse laden with seeds and nutrient gel on the Martian surface to establish life there, if only temporarily • He figured out a mission that would cost about $15 to $20 million which isn't a lot of money but it's about a 10th of what a low-cost NASA mission would be • The idea was called Mars Oasis • The plan was to put a small robotic land rover on the surface of Mars with seeds and dehydrated nutrient gel • They would hydrate upon landing and you'd have plants growing in a Martian radiation, gravity conditions • And you'd also be maintaining, essentially, life support systems on the surface of Mars • He’d already talked to contractors who would build it for a comparatively low cost • Estimated mission cost $15 to $20 million • The problem was launching it OLLI Fall 2023 5

• 6. Founding Elon Musk • The lowest cost launch vehicles in US is Boeing's Delta 2 which costs about $50 million • Musk made three visits to Moscow to look at buying a Russian launch • He actually did get to a deal • Too many complications - Too high a risk • On the flight home, Musk recalls: • “I was trying to understand why rockets were so expensive • The lowest cost to make anything is the spot value of the material constituents • It is a question of how efficient you can be about getting the atoms from raw material state to rocket shape.” • In early 2002 Musk met with aerospace engineers at a hotel in Los Angeles International Airport to discuss founding a space launch company, with reportedly some having scoffed at the idea • According to filings, SpaceX was incorporated on 14 March 2002 • The company was named "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation” it was quickly changed to be "SpaceX” • In April 2002 he invited five to join the company as early employees: Michael Griffin, Jim Cantrell, John Garvey, Tom Mueller, and Chris Thompson • Mueller and Thompson became the company's first and second employee respectively • Musk provided half of his $180 million from PayPal stocks to the newly founded company securing both employees with two-years' worth of salary OLLI Fall 2023 6

• 7. Founding Early Employees • Musk assumed the role of Chief Engineer, after having offered the title to Griffin who did not join SpaceX • He is now CEO and Chief Technical Officer • Tom Mueller(ex-TRW) was in charge of developing rocket engines, propellant tanks and plumbing • Chris Thompson (ex- McDonnell Douglas)was in charge of making the rocket's body and couplings • Hans Koenigsmann (ex- Microcosm Inc )-was in charge of making the rocket's avionics (electronic systems) • In August 2002, Gwynne Shotwell (ex- Microcosm Inc) was hired as the head of sales for the company • At first, SpaceX's employees would meet at hotels in airports, but later the company headquartered at a building in 13El Segundo, California OLLI Fall 2023 7 Tom Mueller Chris Thompson Hans Koenigsmann Gwynne Shotwell

• 8. Elon Musk Vision for SpaceX Make spaceflight routine and affordable Make humans a multi-planet species Colonize Mars Define the Vision Communicate it Relentlessly Work Towards Small Wins OLLI Fall 2023 8

• 9. Company Locations OLLI Fall 2023 9 • SpaceX started out in California in 2002 • Its first Falcon 1 test launches were in the Marshall Islands • It is now primarily U.S. based • SpaceX has offices, launchpads, factories, and test facilities in: • California • Florida • Texas • Virginia • Washington • Washington DC

• 10. Facilities • SpaceX operates launch facilities: • Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) • Vandenberg Space Force Base Space Launch Complex 4 E (SLC-4E) • Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A (LC39A) • Brownsville South Texas Launch Site (Starbase) • SpaceX operates test rocket test facility : • McGregor, Texas • SpaceX operates rocket and spacecraft manufacturing facility: • Hawthorne , California • Headquarters • SpaceX operates Starlink manufacturing facility: • Redmond , Washington OLLI Fall 2023 10

• 11. Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Facility OLLI Fall 2023 11 SpaceX's go-to launchpad is SLC-40 Rockets are horizontally assembled in a building just south of the launchpad, rolled out to the stand, and slowly tilted vertical

• 12. Vandenberg Air Force Base Launch Facility OLLI Fall 2023 12 Space Launch Complex-4 — Vandenberg Air Force Base, California Falcon 9 v1.1 at SLC-4E September 2013 Landing Pad

• 13. Kennedy Space Center Launch Facility OLLI Fall 2023 13 Launch Complex 39A — Kennedy Space Center, Florida Launch Complex 39A Rockets are horizontally assembled in the SpaceX building and rolled out to the stand, and slowly tilted vertical

• 14. Starbase Launch Facility OLLI Fall 2023 14 Starbase facility in Boca Chica, Texas • Starbase is a launch site, production, and development facility for Starship rockets, located at Boca Chica, Texas • In early 2018, SpaceX announced that the launch site would be used exclusively for launching the Starship space craft using the Super Heavy booster • Between 2018 and 2020, the site added significant rocket production and test capacity

• 15. Rocket Engine Test Facility • SpaceX needed a test site for the Merlin and Kestrel engines • In 2002, the company rented a space at the Mojave Air and Space Port to test the turbopumps • One time, black sooty clouds from the turbopump enveloped the air traffic control tower • A bigger testing facility was needed, especially the higher thrust Merlin engine • SpaceX finally picked a testing site at McGregor, Texas that was previously owned by the bankrupted Beal Aerospace OLLI Fall 2023 15 SpaceX rocket development facility in McGregor, Texas

• 16. Design and Manufacturing Facility • SpaceX adopted: • A “flat” organization structure • Vertical integration manufacturing model • Design and build major parts in house • Engines • Avionics • Structures • Heat shields • Proven technology • Emphasize manufacturing efficiency • Minimize costs by avoiding external suppliers • Assemble rockets horizontally • NASA “stacks” rockets vertically • Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) OLLI Fall 2023 16

• 17. Design and Manufacturing Facility OLLI Fall 2023 17 SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, CA

• 18. Rocket Engine Test facility OLLI Fall 2023 18 • SpaceX needed a facility to test-fire noisy rocket engines and launch prototype spacecraft • SpaceX took over the mothballed Beal Aerospace facility in McGregor, Texas • The site already had rocket-engine-test stands • It is remote enough to not bother too many locals • It is close enough to habitation to support an engineering workforce

• 19. Starlink Production and Test Facility OLLI Fall 2023 19 Starlink Satellite Factory — Redmond, Washington • In 2015, Musk introduced a plan to surround Earth in thousands of satellites to bring high-speed broadband internet to everyone on the planet • The project is called Starlink • SpacX has since built a facility in Redmond, Washington, to build and test satellites • The plan is to build and launch roughly 12,000 low-Earth-orbit satellites

• 20. Organization Leadership Team OLLI Fall 2023 20

• 21. Organization Board of Directors • The board of directors has different types of education and wide range of experience in different industries • Education histories include degrees in philosophy and political science, law French cuisine, computer engineering, and mechanical engineering • Some previous experiences: • Working at Google • Senior associate at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati • Associate at Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP • CEO at Me.dium • Co-founder at The Kitchen Community • Experience with Tesla Motors, PayPal, Netscape, and Impulse Space Propulsion OLLI Fall 2023 21

• 22. Personnel • Total employment ~ 12,000 employees 49.8% of SpaceX employees are White • 86.3% male employees • 13.7% female employees • 38% are aged from 30 to 40 years old • Most (38.9%) employees earn around $40,000 to $60,000 each year • Most hold the following degrees: • 54.7% have a Bachelor’s Degree • 19.1% have an Associate Degree • 10.6% have a Master’s Degree • 8.0% have a High School Diploma • 1.6% have a Doctorate Degree • Most prominent employees’ majors : • 24.9% have a major in Mechanical Engineering • 15% have a major in Business • 10.6% have a major in Aerospace Engineering • 8.1% have a major in Electrical Engineering • 5.3% have a major in Aviation • 3.9% have a major in Precision Metal Working OLLI Fall 2023 22

• 23. Payoff OLLI Fall 2023 23 Bing Videos

• 24. Next Session SpaceX and NASA commercial funding OLLI Fall 2023 24