Artificial Intelligence is rapidly transforming healthcare, stirring both excitement and caution. As innovations emerge, challenges like the primary care shortage and data utilization become pressing. This exploration dives into AI's potential benefits and the looming questions surrounding authority, access, and the ethical implications of integrating AI in medicine's future.
AI's Impact on the Future of Healthcare
- 1. AI and Healthcare THE MUDDY FUTURE Zak Kohane Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School October 4th, 2023
- 2. Highlights • Why the excitement? • Reminder of a few of the potholes. • Interesting ways forward for infectious disease.
- 3. UDN1 3 Worsening dystonia (not walking, not speaking) L-Dopa Folinic Acid 5-hydroytryptophan GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency Walking, talking!
- 4. Present
- 5. 5 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Trend in USLME over 2 years
- 6. 6 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Trial Path Trial
- 7. 7 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Trainee path Trainee
- 8. 8 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Trochbearer Dr. House Torchbearer
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- 10. 10 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics When does Medicine succumb to AlphaZero? • Deterministic. • Fully observed. • The action space is discrete. • Access to a perfect simulator (the game itself), so the effects of any action are known exactly. • Each episode/game is relatively short. • Evaluation is clear, fast and allows a lot of trial-anderror experience. • Huge datasets of human play. • NOT physiology • NOT disease course • NOT drug response • NOT surgery • So…. What might succumb…? Which medical ‘game’ fits the criteria….? •
- 11. 11 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics 25% of US Healthcare Costs 11 NBER Economics of Artificial Intelligence Conference, September 2022. Nikhil R. Sahni, George Stein, Rodney Zemmel, and David Cutler
- 12. 12 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Primary care shortage between 17,800 and 48,000 • AAMC report • Retirements getting worse with COVID and burnout.
- 13. 13 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Not just a US Problem
- 14. 14 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics + 14 AI?
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- 16. 16 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics
- 17. 17 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics 4 weeks later: CovidClinical.net & medRxiv…Nature Digitial Medicine
- 18. 18 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics • Early evidence of major pathologies • Countries more similar than sites within them Meanwhile…
- 19. 19 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics
- 20. 20 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Fundamental antecedent questions to inform policy 20 Whose utilities are maximized? Whose medicine is authoritative? Dyad to Triad: Distinct New Party ? Who controls incorporation of patient data into model? Should consumers have access to medical advice directly? Who funds?
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- 23. 23 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Implications • Sea-change in healthcare with AI º Faster than regulation º Faster than education • Acceleration of clinical and basic research • Data + computational resources are obvious king. • Globalization paths • Increases dangers of non-quant data exploration. • Urgency of exploration by educators and science leaders 23
- 24. 24 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics NEJM AI