AI Summary
Key Insights
- Explores the integration of AI in healthcare, highlighting both its potential and current challenges.
- Addresses the application of AI in solving medical mysteries, including genetic diagnosis of rare diseases.
- Discusses the rise in AI capabilities in medical question answering and the potential impact on US medical licensing exams.
- Highlights the importance of considering ethical implications and policy in AI healthcare.
AI's Impact on the Future of Healthcare
- 1. AI and Healthcare THE MUDDY FUTURE Zak Kohane Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School October 4th, 2023
- 2. Highlights • Why the excitement? • Reminder of a few of the potholes. • Interesting ways forward for infectious disease.
- 3. UDN1 3 Worsening dystonia (not walking, not speaking) L-Dopa Folinic Acid 5-hydroytryptophan GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency Walking, talking!
- 4. Present
- 5. 5 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Trend in USLME over 2 years
- 6. 6 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Trial Path Trial
- 7. 7 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Trainee path Trainee
- 8. 8 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Trochbearer Dr. House Torchbearer
- 9. 9 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics 9
- 10. 10 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics When does Medicine succumb to AlphaZero? • Deterministic. • Fully observed. • The action space is discrete. • Access to a perfect simulator (the game itself), so the effects of any action are known exactly. • Each episode/game is relatively short. • Evaluation is clear, fast and allows a lot of trial-anderror experience. • Huge datasets of human play. • NOT physiology • NOT disease course • NOT drug response • NOT surgery • So…. What might succumb…? Which medical ‘game’ fits the criteria….? •
- 11. 11 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics 25% of US Healthcare Costs 11 NBER Economics of Artificial Intelligence Conference, September 2022. Nikhil R. Sahni, George Stein, Rodney Zemmel, and David Cutler
- 12. 12 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Primary care shortage between 17,800 and 48,000 • AAMC report • Retirements getting worse with COVID and burnout.
- 13. 13 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Not just a US Problem
- 14. 14 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics + 14 AI?
- 15. 15 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics 15
- 16. 16 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics
- 17. 17 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics 4 weeks later: CovidClinical.net & medRxiv…Nature Digitial Medicine
- 18. 18 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics • Early evidence of major pathologies • Countries more similar than sites within them Meanwhile…
- 19. 19 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics
- 20. 20 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Fundamental antecedent questions to inform policy 20 Whose utilities are maximized? Whose medicine is authoritative? Dyad to Triad: Distinct New Party ? Who controls incorporation of patient data into model? Should consumers have access to medical advice directly? Who funds?
- 21. 21 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics 21
- 22. 22 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics 22
- 23. 23 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics Implications • Sea-change in healthcare with AI º Faster than regulation º Faster than education • Acceleration of clinical and basic research • Data + computational resources are obvious king. • Globalization paths • Increases dangers of non-quant data exploration. • Urgency of exploration by educators and science leaders 23
- 24. 24 DEPARTMENT OF Biomedical Informatics NEJM AI