Decentralization in Doge Protocol Explained

Decentralization in Doge Protocol Explained

• 1. Doge Protocol Blockchain Allocation Authors: The Doge Protocol Community Publication Date: November 2021 Revision 3: June 2023

• 2. Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................3 Decentralization.............................................................................................................................................3 Improving the Major blockchains..................................................................................................................4 Doge Protocol Multi Fork...............................................................................................................................4 Doge Protocol Token .....................................................................................................................................5 Network Enablers ..........................................................................................................................................5 Network Enablers Table.........................................................................................................................6 Multi Fork Details...........................................................................................................................................6 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................7 Appendix ........................................................................................................................................................7

• 3. Introduction Doge Protocol is a community driven project. All visions and projects are aspirational. There is no value attributed to anything. All projects are community driven and there is no guarantee of delivery. Doge Protocol token was launched fairly on September 1, 2021, on the Ethereum blockchain. Doge Protocol will be one of the first, if not the first Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain to be Quantum Resistant, with support for smart contracts. Quantum Resistance improves security, the PoS model provides improvements on energy usage compared to Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains and smart contracts provide essential functionality to the blockchain. This whitepaper details important information about the Doge Protocol blockchain’s multi-fork and decentralization characteristics. Decentralization A good amount of decentralization is essential to enable wide adoption, build trust and improve the long-term availability of blockchains. A good question to ask will be, a few decades from now which of the current blockchains will survive. Bitcoin has proved to be a long-term survivor in this aspect (more than 12 years), surviving against all odds with a wide decentralized community. Even though PoW mining has essentially made it centralized in a way, it is also decentralized in that anyone can join a mining pool to become part of the network. Wide adoption and long-term survival are also indicative of better decentralization. The below table shows the adoption of three of the most popular and oldest blockchains. The actual number of accounts in this blockchain will be higher by many orders of magnitude since many hold their coins in centralized exchanges. Blockchain Statistic Count* Bitcoin Nonzero balance addresses 38 million Ethereum Nonzero balance addresses 60 million DogeCoin $1 or above balance addresses 3.4 million *As of Q3 2021 (see appendix 2,3)

• 4. Improving the Major blockchains Bitcoin, Ethereum and Dogecoin use cryptography schemes that are vulnerable to quantum computers in various ways [5]. These blockchains also use proof-of-work consensus which uses a great amount of energy to mint new blocks. These blockchains need to be secured from quantum computers while also making them energy efficient. Doge Protocol Multi Fork Doge Protocol will be a combined multi-fork of Bitcoin, Ethereum and Dogecoin. In other words, the Doge Protocol blockchain will be formed by forking all these three blockchains together. More details on the fork process are covered in a later section. By multi-forking and using quantum-resistant crypto schemes, the three blockchains are mitigated from quantum computer threats[5]. At the same time, this also enables wide adoption and builds upon the years of trust placed on these three popular blockchains. Since this is a fork, those who have coins in these three blockchains do not have to give up their Bitcoin, Ethereum or Doge Coins to get Doge Protocol blockchain coins. The following chart details how the Doge Protocol blockchain will be, after the multifork. As we see in the below chart, the Doge Protocol blockchain will comprise of a multi-fork wherein 15% of the coins are assigned to forks (each) of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dogecoin and DogeP tokens.

• 5. Doge Protocol Token A question might arise as to why Doge Protocol tokens are a part of this multi-fork. Any Proof-of-Stake blockchain will need a set of validators to sign transactions. In this case, the multi-fork transactions must be signed by a set of validators, after which the three blockchains are forked to form the Doge Protocol blockchain. Those who have Doge Protocol tokens can become validators and sign the multi-fork transaction, in a quantum-resistant manner. Though the Doge Protocol token itself is in the Ethereum blockchain, to begin with, the multi-fork will include an additional level of security checks in the validator-node clients to enable this agnostic validation. Technical details of the multi-fork will be provided in a separate whitepaper, which will explain how the fork would be created in a quantum-resistant manner. Network Enablers Network enablers are block producers, validators, data availability providers and other parties that are required to keep the blockchain running. Data Availability providers will be covered in detail in a separate whitepaper.

• 6. Note that in the future, when green energy becomes very affordable, Doge Protocol may also enable a hybrid model with the PoS+PoW consensus model. Miners will also become Network Enablers at that time. Including the proof-of-work model means that anyone with a computer can join the network, without requiring to hold coins before joining the network, thus improving the decentralization factor (this is more inclusive than a pure proof-of-stake network). Similar to Bitcoin halvening, the number of coins for network enablers will decrease every 4 years. The following table shows the coins for Network Enablers. Network Enablers Table Mainnet Year Coins First 4 years 20% (5% each year) 4 to 8 years 10% 8 to 12 years 5% 12 to 16 years 2.5% 16 to 20 years 1.25% 20 to 24 years 0.625% 24 to 28 years 0.3125% and so on… Multi Fork Details Technical details of the multi-fork process will be detailed in a follow-up whitepaper, before mainnet. At a high level, accounts in Bitcoin, Ethereum, DogeCoin and DogeP accounts will be able to get their coins in the Doge Protocol blockchain by cross-signing a transaction with their existing wallet’s key and their new Quantum Resistant key. These accounts do not have to give up their existing Bitcoin or Ethereum or DogeCoin or DogeP tokens to get DogeP coins. However, this ability will be available only for a limited period since Quantum Computers pose a security threat to the Bitcoin, Ethereum and DogeCoin blockchains. This period is tentatively set as 1-year post mainnet and may change depending on advances in Quantum Computing. Beyond

• 7. this period, to keep the Doge Protocol blockchain secure from Quantum Computers, this claim will not be allowed. Many weeks before mainnet, a specific block number (for each blockchain) will be taken as the cut-off point for Bitcoin, Ethereum and DogeCoin blockchains. These block numbers will be widely communicated weeks in advance in a variety of social media and press releases. This advance notice is important to make this multi-fork a fair process. Accounts of the coins and DogeP tokens as of those block numbers will be able to get their coins in the Doge Protocol blockchain. Note that for the Ethereum blockchain, only Ethereum coin and DogeP token Accounts will be able to get coins in the Doge Protocol blockchain (and not other tokens). Summary One of the goals of Doge Protocol is to secure Bitcoin, Ethereum and DogeCoin from quantum computer threats. The combined multi-fork of Bitcoin, Ethereum, DogeCoin blockchains and DogeP tokens will secure these blockchains from quantum computer threats. The Doge Protocol blockchain thus aims to be beneficial to the wider community in many ways while at the same time providing essential functionality like smart contracts, security using Quantum Resistant crypto-schemes and green energy compatible by using Proof-of-Stake consensus. This multi-fork is a complex process and technically challenging but with the help & support of the wider crypto community, this initiative can be a resounding success. Appendix 1. Bitcoin statistics: https://bitinfocharts.com/top-100-richest-bitcoin-addresses.html 2. Dogecoin statistics: https://bitinfocharts.com/top-100-richest-dogecoin-addresses.html 3. Bitcoin, Ethereum statistics: https://insights.glassnode.com/the-week-on-chain-week-35- 2021/

• 8. 4. Doge Protocol Vision Paper: https://dogeprotocol.org/whitepapers/Doge-Protocol-VisionPaper-1.pdf 5. Doge Protocol Quantum Resistance Paper: https://dogeprotocol.org/whitepapers/DogeProtocol-Blockchain-Quantum-Resistance-Whitepaper.pdf 6. Doge Protocol Consensus Paper: https://dogeprotocol.org/whitepapers/Doge-ProtocolBlockchain-Consensus-Whitepaper.pdf 7. Bitcoin Price, Supply on 21 Nov 2021 https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin/historical-data 8. Ethereum Price, Supply on 21 Nov 2021 https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/ethereum/historical-data 9. Bitcoin Price, Supply on 21 Nov 2021 https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/dogecoin/historical-data