MIT COVID-19 Hackathon Winners Track F

MIT COVID-19 Hackathon Winners Track F

@pranavnadimpalli
@pranavnadimpalli
4 Followers
3 months ago 385
Category: Science
AI Summary
Bulleted
Text
Key Insights
  • COVID-19 may not be the last pandemic of our lifetimes.
  • Wastewater biosensors offer community-based, reusable, and low-cost monitoring for pandemic surveillance, unlike traditional swab tests.
  • LSPR biosensors are sustainable, reusable for future pandemics, and provide real-time community tracking.
  • The proposed strategy involves identifying biomarkers, installing sensors in high-population areas, and using sensor data for public policy decisions.

MIT COVID-19 Hackathon Winners Track F

@pranavnadimpalli3 months ago

'The future belongs to those who PREPARE for it'

RALPH WALDO EMERSON

LESSONS FROM EBOLA

Were not ready for the next epidemic

We're not ready for it. But we can there. get

Bill Gates

March 18, 2015

US. Experts say we're really not prepared.

We've a bad habit of paying attention to pandemics only when it's too late got

By Sigal Samuel

Disease X couldbe the worlds worst nightmare

By Eileen AJ Connelly

                    An Undeniable Truth

                    COVID-19 is not the last pandemic of our lifetimes.

                    We had since 2011 after the MERS outbreak to anticipate and prepare. We failed to do both, and it has cost us dearly.

                    Though we can't prevent or foresee the next big pandemic, we can set up surveillance networks to track it effectively.

                    The big question: What infrastructure is needed to track the next big pandemic? What are the ideal characteristics of such a system?

                                      The Future of Pandemic Surveillance

                                      The Ideal Surveillance Network

                                      • Near-real-time feedback and data analysis
                                      • Reusable , replicate its success for future pandemics
                                      • Community-focused , non-invasive monitoring
                                      • IoT Integration into existing surveillance networks
                                      • Sustainable ,The 3 E's: Eco-friendly, Economical, Ethical

                                      We can achieve all the above!

                                                        WASTE-WATER BIOSENSORS AS AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR PANDEMIC SURVEILLANCE

                                                                          Wastewater Testing Complements Swab Tests

                                                                          Fecal samples are best suited for large-scale community surveillance

                                                                          Viral RNA is observed for much longer in fecal samples than throat swabs.

                                                                          RT-PCR Swab Test

                                                                          Wastewater Monitoring

                                                                          • Individual test
                                                                          • One-time use
                                                                          • Scarce, costly
                                                                          • Community-based
                                                                          • Reusable
                                                                          • Low-cost at scale

                                                                                            Wastewater Testing : Biosensor vs RT-PCR

                                                                                            Human Intervention

                                                                                            Risk of Contamination

                                                                                            Data Collection and Analysis

                                                                                            Start-up costs and Overhead expenses

                                                                                            No man power needed after the initial setup

                                                                                            Need to gather volunteers for testing everyday

                                                                                            Virus is never exposed to the surroundings

                                                                                            Risk of leaks before/during transportation

                                                                                            Data collected and analyzed in near-real-time

                                                                                            Delay in getting the test results (upto 24 hours)

                                                                                            Initial setup cost and low long term running costs

                                                                                            Scarce resource and expensive during pandemic

                                                                                                              LSPR Biosensor: A Schematic

                                                                                                              Cost Estimate

                                                                                                              Time of Use

                                                                                                              50-80 US$ (at global scale)

                                                                                                              45-60 Days before LSPR chip replacement

                                                                                                              USP

                                                                                                              Reusable for all future pandemics!

                                                                                                                                Automated Wastewater Biosensor: A Schematic

                                                                                                                                                  Wastewater Biosensor Network At National Scale

                                                                                                                                                  • We place biosensors in sewage plants of local communities
                                                                                                                                                  • Data analyses from all communities in a region are aggregated
                                                                                                                                                  • Classify regions, states as low/high risk zones based on intensity of RNA vs time curve

                                                                                                                                                                    LIMITATIONS OF OUR METHOD

                                                                                                                                                                    PER-CAPITA RNA ESTIMATE

                                                                                                                                                                    Yet to estimate magnitude of RNA particles excreted by individuals.

                                                                                                                                                                    SEVERITY OF INFECTION

                                                                                                                                                                    Severity of infection cannot be estimated with our approach

                                                                                                                                                                    QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION

                                                                                                                                                                    A quantitative assessment of virus spread is not currently possible!

                                                                                                                                                                    We have an answer!

                                                                                                                                                                                      AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

                                                                                                                                                                                      • Classifying areas as low/high risk zones , even before infected people are tested Better resource allocation : healthcare
                                                                                                                                                                                      • providers, RT-PCR tests, PPE and more

                                                                                                                                                                                      SHAPING PUBLIC POLICY

                                                                                                                                                                                      • Smart lock-downs , informed public policy decisions , bold leadership
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Predicting future waves of outbreak

                                                                                                                                                                                      The Qualitative Approach WASTEWATER MONITORING COVID-19

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Salient Features

                                                                                                                                                                                                        SUSTAINABLE SURVEILLANCE

                                                                                                                                                                                                        • moderate start-up costs
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • low overhead costs
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • minimal energy usage
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • all materials are recyclable

                                                                                                                                                                                                        REUSABLE FOR FUTURE PANDEMICS

                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Only LSPR chip + DNA needs to be changed for future use
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Easy to install and can be reused repeatedly

                                                                                                                                                                                                        REAL-TIME FEEDBACK FOR COMMUNITY TRACKING

                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Near-real-time data collection
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Community-based surveillance
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Scalable, local to global
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Saves thousands of lives!

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Proposed Strategy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PHASE 1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Find useful biomarkers in genome of pathogen; Design the LSPR chip

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PHASE 2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Install sensors in areas with large population & less reported cases

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PHASE 3

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Use sensor readings to promote smart public policy decisions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PHASE 4

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Periodic wastewater monitoring to prepare for future waves

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The Next Big Pandemic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Our lack of pandemic preparedness has caused irreparable damages to our communities.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Our systems must change to adapt to the new reality.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            We need reliable, accurate, and sustainable surveillance to combat the next big pandemic.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Every life saved is valuable. Our efforts today will ensure us tomorrow!

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              References

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Qiu, Guangyu, et al. "Dual-functional plasmonic photothermal biosensors for highly accurate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection." ACS nano 14.5 (2020): 5268-5277.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Wu, Yongjian, et al. "Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples." The lancet Gastroenterology & hepatology 5.5 (2020): 434-435.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ejeian, Fatemeh, et al. "Biosensors for wastewater monitoring: A review." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 118 (2018): 66-79.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Quilliam, Richard S., et al. "COVID-19: The environmental implications of shedding SARS-CoV-2 in human faeces." Environment International (2020).
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Wu, Fuqing, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases." medRxiv (2020).
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Nghiem, Long D., et al. "The COVID-19 pandemic: considerations for the waste and wastewater services sector." Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering (2020): 100006.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Liu, Yun, et al. "Low-Cost Localized surface plasmon resonance biosensing platform with a response enhancement for protein detection." Nanomaterials 9.7 (2019): 1019.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Wang, Yujie, et al. "The detection of SARS-CoV with SPR biosensor." Xiyou Jinshu Cailiao yu Gongcheng(Rare Metal Materials and Engineering) 35 (2006): 288-290.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Hong, Yoochan, et al. "Nanobiosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance for biomarker detection." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012).
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Hong, Yoochan, et al. "Localized surface plasmon resonance based nanobiosensor for biomarker detection of invasive cancer cells." Journal of biomedical optics 19.5 (2013): 051202.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Jeon, Hui Bin, Philippe Vuka Tsalu, and Ji Won Ha. "Shape Effect on the Refractive Index Sensitivity at Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Inflection Points of Single Gold Nanocubes with Vertices." Scientific reports 9.1 (2019): 1-8.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Jayabal, Subramaniam, et al. "A gold nanorod-based localized surface plasmon resonance platform for the detection of environmentally toxic metal ions." Analyst 140.8 (2015): 2540-2555.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Djaileb, Abdelhadi, et al. "A Rapid and Quantitative Serum Test for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies with Portable Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing." (2020).
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • He, Xi, et al. "Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19." Nature medicine 26.5 (2020): 672-675.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Le Dinh, Tuan, et al. "Design and deployment of a remote robust sensor network: Experiences from an outdoor water quality monitoring network." 32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2007). IEEE, 2007.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Nakamura, Tomofumi, et al. "Environmental surveillance of poliovirus in sewage water around the introduction period for inactivated polio vaccine in Japan." Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81.5 (2015): 1859-1864.
“The future
belongs to
those who
PREPARE
for it”
RALPH
WALDO
EMERSON
1/15
An Undeniable Truth
COVID-19 is not the last pandemic of our lifetimes.
We had since 2011 after t…
2/15
The Future of
Pandemic Surveillance
Near-real-time feedback and data analysis
Reusable, replicat…
3/15
WASTE-WATER BIOSENSORS
AS AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
FOR PANDEMIC SURVEILLANCE
4/15
Fecal samples are best suited for
large-scale community surveillance
Viral RNA is observed for mu…
5/15
Wastewater Testing : Biosensor vs RT-PCR
No man power
needed after the
initial setup
Need to ga…
6/15
LSPR Biosensor: A Schematic
Cost Estimate Time of Use
Reusable for
all future pandemics!
50-80 …
7/15
Automated Wastewater Biosensor: A Schematic
8/15
Wastewater Biosensor Network At National Scale
Low-Risk
Zone
High-Risk
Zone
We place biosensor…
9/15
LIMITATIONS OF OUR METHOD
QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION
A quantitative assessment of virus
spread is n…
10/15
S
martlock-downs, informedpublic
policydecisions,bold leadership
Predictingfuturewavesofoutbreak…
11/15
moderate start-up costs
low overhead costs
minimal energy usage
all materials are recyclable
SU…
12/15
Find useful biomarkers
in genome of pathogen;
Design the LSPR chip
PHASE 1
Install sensors in a…
13/15
The Next Big Pandemic
Our lack of pandemic preparedness has caused irreparable
damages to our com…
14/15
References
Qiu, Guangyu, et al. "Dual-functional plasmonic photothermal biosensors for highly accu…
15/15


  • Previous
  • Next
  • f Fullscreen
  • esc Exit Fullscreen
@pranavnadimpalli

Share

MIT COVID-19 Hackathon Winners Track F

Embed code

Report Inappropriate Content on Jaunt

Choose the reason you are reporting: MIT COVID-19 Hackathon Winners Track F as inappropriate to Jaunt's content team.


Swipe LEFT
to view Related

Scroll DOWN
to read doc

Cookies to automatically collect, record, and share information about your interactions with our site for analytics purposes.
Cookies used to enable advertising on our site.

Login

OR

Forgot password?

Don't have an account? Sign Up