Tesla impact on sustainability 2023

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Contents
Governance Environment Product & Safety People & Community
01 02 03 04
2.1

Displacing Fossil Fuels
1.1

Our Mission
4.1

Preparing the Workforce for a
Sustainable Energy Future
3.1

Making EVs Affordable
2.2

Carbon Impact of Our Products
1.2

Overview
3.2

Freedom to Travel
2.3

Carbon Impact of Our Operations
1.3

Materiality and TCFD Alignment
2.4

Water, Circularity and Biodiversity
1.4

Privacy and Security
4.2

Centering Safety and Engagement
4.3

Developing Our Leaders Internally
4.4

Social Impact
3.3

Maximizing Safety
3.4

Building the Grid of the Future

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Contents
Supply Chain Appendix
05 06
6.1

TCFD
6.2

SASB
6.3

United Nations SDG Alignment
6.4

Key Metrics
5.1

Supply Chain Decarbonization
6.5

Management Assertion
5.2

Recycling
5.3
Responsible Sourcing of
Battery Materials
5.4
Responsible Sourcing of Other
Priority Materials
5.5
Tools
Contents
05
Supply Chain
5.1
Supply Chain Decarbonization
5.2
Recycling
5.3
Responsible Sourcing of
Battery Materials
5.4
Responsible Sourcing of Other
Priority Materials
5.5
Tools
103
107
110
113
127
131
06
Appendix
6.1
TCFD
6.2
SASB
6.3
United Nations SDG Alignment
6.4
Key Metrics
6.5
Management Assertion
141
142
143
144
146
152

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Governance
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Governance 4
Governance
Sustainability is Core to Our Mission
Our Mission
Overview
Assessments
Privacy and Security
4
05
06
08
13

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Our mission is to accelerate
the world’s transition to
sustainable energy
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Governance 5
ur mission is to accelerate
the world's transition to
sustainable energy
Since Tesla's inception, our goals have centered on the
opportunities presented by the sustainable energy
transition. We have developed a clean energy ecosystem
that addresses the energy generation, energy storage and
transportation sectors. Through our zero direct emission
electric vehicles and energy products, we are accelerating
the world's transition to sustainable energy.
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Governance Overview
Management Involvement
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Governance 6
Governance Overview
Management Involvement
At Tesla, sustainability is everyone's job. Our Sustainability
and Impact team, in collaboration with leaders from across
the company, ensures the collection, preparation and
analysis of data for content within this report.
Material issues and themes related to sustainability are
presented to Tesla's Board of Directors (BoD) for review.
For more information on Tesla's corporate governance, refer
to our 2024 Proxy Statement.
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Impact Report 2023 7
Board of Directors Overview
Impact Report 2023 Governance
Board of Directors Overview
The BoD serves as a prudent fiduciary for shareholders
and oversees Tesla's mission, purpose and strategy, as well
as the effectiveness of our impact priorities, initiatives and
programs. With those responsibilities in mind, the Board
sets the highest standards for ethical behavior, corporate
citizenship and corporate governance.
The BoD oversees risks related to environmental, social
and governance (11ESG") issues, both at the full-board and
committee levels. In particular, our Audit Committee
oversees ESG risks as part of overall Enterprise Risk
Management, including, among others, risks relating to
climate, data privacy, cybersecurity, human rights and
supply chain issues.
The Audit Committee also oversees our Impact Report
and, as deemed appropriate, other ESG-related
disclosures.
Our Compensation Committee oversees human capital
management, employee engagement and relations and our
compensation philosophy and programs designed to align
compensation to the performance of our company and
success of our mission to accelerate the world's transition
to sustainable energy.
Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
oversees our governance framework and practices, board
composition and diversity and engagement on ESG issues
with shareholders.
Our BoD continuously evaluates its composition, seeking
to ensure the right mix of skills, experience, background
and diversity to ensure the exceptional leadership
necessary to fulfill our mission. We periodically add new,
highly qualified independent directors to the BoD, such as
Larry Ellison and Kathleen Wilson-Thompson in 2018,
Hiromichi Mizuno in 2020, Joe Gebbia in 2022 and JB
Straubel in 2023.
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Impact Report 2023 8
Sustainability Assessment
Final Findings
Impact Report 2023 Governance
Sustainability Assessment
In 2023, we conducted a sustainability assessment to
determine areas material to the business and salient to
society and the environment. This assessment resulted
in the identification of 20 focus areas listed in the chart
on this page.
We started by surveying key global stakeholders,
asking them to quantify the impact of certain topics on
Tesla. Where appropriate, this was followed up with indepth interviews with participants to contextualize
quantitative scores.
Throughout the process, we partnered with a thirdparty expert. We will continue to evaluate the saliency
of these risks and opportunities periodically to inform
our overall strategy.
Note: the following focus areas are ranked relative to each
other and not relative to overall importance. We also
recognize this as a snapshot in time. As we continue to
grow and the world changes, the degree of impact could
naturally shift.
Final Findings - Our Employees
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Air Quality &
• Reducing Toxic Emissions
• Water Use & Management
• Inclusive Energy Transition
• Biodiversity
• Responsible Al
• Business Ethics &
Anti-Corruption
• Grievance Mechanisms &
Access to Remedy
- Our Supply Chain - Our Environment Our Governance
• Child Labor & Forced Labor
• Occupational Health & Safety
• Waste Management &
Recycling, Circularity
• Renewable Energy &
Energy Efficiency
• Responsible Data &
Cybersecurity
• Employee Engagement
• External Stakeholder Engagement
Impact on The Business
• Climate Change &
Risk Management
• Responsible Sourcing
Talent Management &
• Employee Wellbeing
• Respectful Workplace &
Equal Opportunities
Product Quality & Safety
Government Relations Policy
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Impact Report 2023
9
TCFD Alignment
Impact Report 2023 Governance
TCFD Alignment
We have been aligning this report with Task Force on
Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) since 2022.
While the focus of this report is to communicate the
substantial positive impact Tesla is having on the world, we
understand the importance of discussing both the
opportunities and risks presented by a changing climate.
Our dedicated governance strategy allows Tesla to assess,
manage and act on its own climate-related risks. This
strategy is based on recommendations from the TCFD.
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Managing Climate Risk
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Governance 10
Managing Climate Risk
The Sustainability and Impact team works with
executives from across Tesla to make decisions
affecting the business with consideration to our climate
change strategy. The Vice President of Environmental,
Health, Safety and Security (EHS&S) leads these
interactions and is responsible for our GHG emissions
strategy, its implementation and TCFD alignment.
The Sustainability and Impact team at Tesla reports
directly to the VP of EHS&S and meets regularly with
stakeholders from Engineering and Design, Finance,
Investor Relations, Legal, Policy, Supply Chain, among
others to present megatrends and climate change
updates. The VP of EHS&S reports events directly to
the BoD.
Tesla conducts an annual Enterprise Risk Assessment
(ERA) that integrates ESG-related risks by engaging in
interviews and surveys with members of management
across the organization, including key stakeholders in
sustainability. Through this exercise, climate-related
risks would be flagged to the relevant leadership team
for management.
Beginning with Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg and
Gigafactory Texas in 2021, we initiated site-specific
reviews to identify physical climate-related risks that were
then addressed during the design process of those
factories. In 2022, this was followed by a systematic
assessment of our entire manufacturing portfolio and any
new locations.
Today, we continue to ensure that our current and future
sites are prepared for the potential physical impacts of
climate change by integrating assessments into
considerations for site design and future expansion plans.
Using the results from these analyses, Tesla is actively
working to harden our current and planned manufacturing
portfolio against medium and long-term climate impacts.
Over time, we will begin to evaluate other assets such as
our Sales, Service and Delivery network as well as our
charging infrastructure and other relevant assets.
As regulations around GHG emissions management
evolve, we may need to make further capital investments
that are different from or accelerated relative to existing
plans, which may impact profitability. Policy changes
may impact certain practices or infrastructure,
potentially reducing installed capacity because the
technology used-such as with die casting or the paint
shop-cannot be fully decarbonized.
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Physical Climate Risk
Assessment
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Governance 11
Physical Climate Risk
Assessment
Tesla performs physical climate risk assessments for our
manufacturing and support locations, including for any
new manufacturing sites.
We assessed these sites using the following scenarios,
which incorporate the science from the latest IPCC report:
Business as usual, Emissions peak in 2040 and Parisaligned-a combined approach using the latest Shared
Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and the Representative
Concentration Pathways (RCPs).
This includes physical risks related to combined physical
risk, flooding, wind risk, heat stress, wildfire, precipitation
risk and drought. We assess these hazards against the
three scenarios across short- (2025), medium- (2030)
and long-term (2050) time horizons.
Given the low likelihood of reaching a Paris-aligned
scenario, we report results on business as usual and
emissions peaking in 2040.
In the short term, drought poses the biggest risk to our
manufacturing portfolio and, in the long term, heat stress
will become the more severe climate hazard.
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Human rights are core to
our mission
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Governance 12
Human Rights Are Core to
Our Mission
The ethical treatment of all people and regard for human
rights is core to our mission of accelerating a sustainable
future. Our Global Human Rights Policy is the
formalization of our commitment to uphold, respect and
embed human rights and the values they represent
throughout our business.
We endorse and base our definition of human rights on
the United Nation's Universal Declaration for Human
Rights (UDHR). The UDHR focuses on dignity, respect
and equality, without discrimination, for all people. We
also utilize the United Nation's Guiding Principles on
Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) and the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational
Enterprises.
We are committed to upholding and respecting all
internationally recognized human rights throughout our
direct operations and supply chain-including with
respect to our employees, customers, shareholders,
suppliers and the communities in which we live and
operate. Tesla's Global Human Rights Policy outlines the
company's salient human rights issues.
We seek to avoid causing or contributing to actual or
potentially adverse human rights impacts, and we expect
our suppliers to support and promote these values in
their own operations and those of their suppliers.
To learn more about our efforts in our supply chain,
see pages 113-131.
Assessing and addressing human rights risks is an
ongoing effort that involves engaging with and
incorporating input from external stakeholders, including
those impacted by our operations and our supply chain,
as well as reviewing and updating our policies and
procedures where necessary.
We seek to remedy adverse impacts, track and measure
our progress and report our findings in our disclosures
where appropriate.
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Cybersecurity and Data Privacy
We build products with privacy and security at their core
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Governance 13
Cybersecurity and Data Privacy
We build products with privacy and security at their core
Our privacy-first policies ensure personal data is in
customers' hands, letting them decide what information
they want to share and when. We believe that
responsible data management and transparency is a
prerequisite for continuous innovation. Read more about
our company-wide approach in our Privacy Overview.
Data privacy is a shared responsibility that every employee
and Board member is expected to uphold. Tesla has a large
and diverse team of privacy and security professionals
across our legal, engineering and product organizations who
are dedicated to protecting customer data. Additionally, the
Audit Committee of the Tesla BoD is regularly briefed on
incidents, emerging trends, controls and corrective actions
taken by Tesla to ensure we are living up to our obligations
and Privacy Principles.
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Our Privacy Principles
We build privacy into our products
from start to finish
We maintain trust through transparency
We always give customers choices
about their data
We safeguard personal data
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Governance 14
Our Privacy Principles
m ---
We build privacy into our products
from start to finish
We ensure privacy across all our products and
services, from inception to roll out and beyond.
We maintain trust through transparency
We are clear about the personal data we collect and
how we use or share it.
We always give customers choices
about their data
We put individuals in control by giving them clear
and transparent ways to access, review, manage and
delete their data.
We safeguard personal data
We implement rigorous controls and standards
designed to protect the security, confidentiality and
integrity of Tesla's data environment.
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Privacy From Day One
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Governance 15
Privacy From Day One
Tesla's Privacy Principles and commitments are illustrated
throughout all our products. For Tesla vehicles, customers'
personal data is protected from the moment they take
delivery, ensuring that by default the vehicle data
generated when driving is not associated with their
account or vehicle identification number. We put
customers in the driver's seat when it comes to data
sharing by providing a dedicated in-vehicle menu to adjust
preferences at any time. Additionally, energy products are
designed to protect customer privacy. We aim to collect as
little personal data as is required to provide an engaging
in-app energy experience. To maximize transparency,
Tesla has developed a seamless way for customers to
download and access their energy and vehicle data at any
time directly from the Tesla app.
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Engaging the Security
Community
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Governance 16
Engaging the Security
Community
We are also focused on ensuring that our vehicles are the
most secure on the road. Our team of world-class
engineers continuously improve our systems to ensure
they are always as secure as possible. And while some of
the best security engineers work at Tesla, we believe that
in order to design and build inherently secure systems,
we must work closely with the security research
community and learn from their collective expertise and
diversity of thought.
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Embedding Security and Privacy
Impact Report 2023 17
Global Privacy Program
Product Security
Third-Party Risk Management
Infrastructure Security
Impact Report 2023 Governance
Embedding Security and Privacy
To uphold rigorous standards regarding the security,
confidentiality and integrity of customer and employee
data, Tesla maintains a global privacy program as well as
an information security program {based on the industryrecognized ISO 27001 framework), which includes
written policies, processes and standards designed to
protect and secure Tesla's data environment.
Tesla maintains a current 1S0/IEC 27001 certification
that sets user security standards, for which we undergo
yearly audits. We evaluate the health and effectiveness
of our information security and privacy program through
ongoing assessments, monitoring and testing.
Global Privacy Program
Guides product development and business practices across
Tesla to ensure regulatory compliance by maintaining
effective and standardized controls across vehicle and
energy products as well as insurance and financial services
Product Security
A comprehensive approach to managing product
vulnerabilities including conducting design and code reviews,
building defense in depth protections, testing, maintaining
security policies, monitoring, partnering with external
security researchers and financially rewarding people outside
the company who find and report vulnerabilities
Third-Party Risk Management
Identify, mitigate and monitor risks from third parties such
as vendors, suppliers and other business partners,
including those in our supply chain who may require certain
Tesla data to conduct operations
Infrastructure Security
Prevention, detection and response to IT outages,
security incidents or acts of nature to provide
availability of underlying critical services and continuity
of operations
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Environment
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Environment 18
Environment
The Future is Electric
Displacing Fossil Fuels
Carbon Impact of Our Products
Carbon Impact of Our Operations
Water, Circularity and Biodiversity
18
19
27
36
47

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In 2023, Our Customers Avoided
Releasing Over 20 Million Metric
Tons of CO2e into Our Atmosphere
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Environment 19
In ,
Releasing
ur ustomers Avoided
ver
Tonso 2e into
In 2023, the global fleet of Tesla vehicles, energy storage
and solar panels enabled our customers to avoid emitting
over 20 million metric tons of C02e. That's equal to about
51 billion miles of driving an internal combustion engine
(ICE) vehicle.
illion etric
ur Atmosphere
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The More Products We Deliver,  
the Faster We Accelerate Our Mission
Impact Report 2023 20
Electric Vehicles Produced
Tesla
VW Group
BYD
Hyundai Motor
R-N-M Alliance
Stellantis
BMW Group
GAC
GM
Geely Auto Group
SAIC
Impact Report 2023 Environment
The More Products We Deliver,
the Faster We Accelerate Our Mission
Electric Vehicles Produced
2018 2019 2020 e 2021 e 2022 e 2023
Tesla
BYD
=
VW Group
GAC
Hyundai Motor
iGM
=
BMW Group
=
Geely Auto Group iR-N-M Alliance
=
SAIC
Stellantis
0 400,000 800,000 1,200,000
Source: EV-volumes.com; microcars not included. Tesla data
are production volumes; other OEMs' sales and delivery volumes
are assumed to approximate their production for the year.
1,600,000
20
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21
Tesla produced and delivered over
1.8 million EVs globally in 2023
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Environment
Tesla Produced and Delivered Over
1.8 Million EVs Globally in 2023
Although we are focused on our own deliveries, electric
vehicle (EV) sales by all automakers need to increase.
We hope that every vehicle manufacturer will strive to
produce hundreds of thousands of EVs per year, as
significant reductions in emissions will only be achieved
with an industry-wide shift.
Emissions credit revenue is used for EV capacity
expansion, which in turn displaces internal combustion
engine (ICE) vehicles. In 2023, we generated almost
$1.8 billion in revenue selling zero-emission regulatory
credits to other OEMs. While it is common practice
today for ICE vehicle OEMs to purchase regulatory
credits from other companies (such as Tesla) to offset
their emissions, it is not a sustainable strategy. In order
to meet increasingly strict regulatory requirements
across the world, OEMs will be forced to develop truly
competitive EVs.
To support our mission, we are making it as easy as
possible for drivers to own and charge an EV. We
opened our charging connector design to the world in
2022 and opened our Supercharger network in North
America to more EVs starting in 2024. We are also
sharing charge port technology with other OEMs to
assist the transition of their vehicle designs to be
compatible with the North American Charging Standard
(NACS). This follows the opening of our network in
other regions, including Europe and China.
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22
Current Emissions Frameworks Weren’t
Built for a Company Like Tesla
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Environment
Current Emissions Frameworks Weren't
Built for a Company Like Tesla
We continue to drive the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions (GHG) from energy and transport through
use of our products by our customers-this will
continue to be the most impactful thing we can do to
achieve our mission. The popular frameworks for
measuring and reducing GHG emissions continue to
not recognize this impact. They were written by and
developed for well-established companies with
polluting products. These frameworks do not account
for the impact of emissions that are avoided through
the sale of zero direct emission products (referred to in
this report as "avoided emissions").
As we continue to grow, Tesla will need to build many
more factories to support production of our products.
Each one of these products will avoid many tons of
C02e throughout its life.
Even as Tesla constructs more efficient factories with
maximum renewable energy utilization, there will
undoubtedly be incremental emissions from our growing
factory footprints in the near term as we work to decarbonize
all industrial processes and supply chain inputs.
There is a lot of work left to do to build a GHG-accounting
system that holds polluters accountable and highlights the
work being done by companies to build zero direct emission
products and achieve the goal of decarbonizing the economy.
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Impact Report 2023 23
We Make Products That
Displace Fossil Fuel Alternatives
Maximizing Utilization
Through Software
Impact Report 2023 Environment
We Make Products That
Displace Fossil Fuel Alternatives
We design and manufacture a fully integrated ecosystem
for energy and transportation. Our products work
together to maximize their impact.
)
Solar Energy Storage
Autobidder
Battery Cells
Charging
Maximizing Utilization
Through Software
23
Electric Vehicles Robotaxi
1
/' I I -
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24
Air pollution from burning fossil
fuels leads to premature deaths
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Environment
Air Pollution From Burning Fossil
Fuels Leads to Premature Deaths
Pollution from burning fossil fuels leads to eight million
premature deaths globally each year-that accounts
for one-in-five premature deaths worldwide. Our
products are not just about the future of our planet,
but also about addressing preventable deaths today.
This is a major advantage of zero direct emission
products that is often forgotten.
•
•
Air Quality
• Good
Moderate
• Unhealthy
(For sensitive groups)
• Unhealthy
• Very Unhealthy
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Impact Report 2023 25
Each Tesla on the Road Avoids
About 51 Tons of CO2e
EV Emissions Avoided Over Time
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Each Tesla on the Road Avoids
About 51 Tons of C02e
After approximately three years of driving, a Tesla EV's
lifetime emissions are lower than those of a comparable
ICE vehicle. While EVs today still emit more GHGs
during the manufacturing phase, including emissions
from the supply chain, it takes about three years' worth
of driving for the total emissions from a Tesla vehicle to
fall below that of a comparable ICE vehicle.
EV Emissions Avoided Over Time
After 17 years of driving-the average life of a vehicle in
the U.S.-a single Tesla vehicle will avoid about 51 tons
of C02e. This number is conservative for two reasons:
it assumes no improvement in grid emissions over time
and an ICE vehicle maintains its fuel efficiency
throughout its lifetime.
This year, we updated our avoided emissions calculation
methodology using a global model with more primary GHG
emissions data collected from our suppliers.
- EV Emissions
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
Manufacturing 1
Phase
- ICE Emissions
.I
2 3 4
25
(U.S.; mt C02e)
- Cumulative Emissions Avoided
.I .I .I .I .I .I .I .I .I .I .I .I .I
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Years

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Impact Report 2023 26
NEDC, WLTP or EPA Testing Cycles
Do Not Represent Real-World Fuel  
or Electricity Consumption
Impact Report 2023 Environment
NEDC, WLTP or EPA Testing Cycles
Do Not Represent Real-World Fuel
or Electricity Consumption
We used real-world energy consumption by Model 3 and
Model Y to analyze EV energy consumption. For ICE fuel
consumption, we used data provided by Consumer
Reports, which reports model year 2023 mid-size
premium vehicles achieve 24.9 MPG on average. This
translates to approximately 400 grams of C02e per mile
once we account for emissions generated through the
extraction, refining and shipment of oil.
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Lifecycle Analysis Glossary
27
Model 3/Y*
Personal Use Grid Charged
Personal Use Solar Charged
Average Premium ICE
Lifecycle Emissions
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Environment
Lifecycle Analysis Glossary
By examining every stage of a product's lifecycle, from
raw extraction to disposal, a lifecycle assessment
(LCA) helps identify environmentally taxing hotspots,
allows for targeted improvements and enables
resource use efficiencies. The per-mile lifecycle
emissions of our vehicles include emissions from
upstream supply chain, electricity consumption and
direct emissions from manufacturing and use-phase
emissions when charged from a grid with a generation
mix that reflects the geographic distribution of Model
3 and Model Y deliveries in the U.S., Europe and
China. This year, we are presenting the standard-range
RWD versions of Model 3 and Model Y and have
significantly improved GHG emissions data accuracy.
As we strive to get more real and granular data, we will
continue to update our long-range and other product
LCAs for future reports.
To the right are the scenarios and assumptions we're
using for our analysis.
SCENARIOS
Model 3/Y*
Personal Use Grid Charged
Emissions per mile if Model 3/Y principally charged
at home from the grid
Personal Use Solar Charged
Emissions per mile if Model 3/Y principally charged at
home using a solar system and energy storage
Average Premium ICE
Based on an average of mid-size premium sedans and
mid-size premium crossover SUVs, with a real-world
fuel economy of 24.9 MPG
*In 2023, we followed the same methodology as 2022 to present the LCA
as a weighted average of Model 3 and Model Y based on production share
for each vehicle (for manufacturing-phase emissions) and delivery volumes
in each region (for use-phase emissions). Given that Model 3 and Model Y
have 70%-plus parts commonality and share many manufacturing
processes, their GHG emissions are very similar.
ASSUMPTIONS
Lifecycle Emissions
Lifecycle Emissions using solar panels and Powerwall exclusively
to charge Model 3/Y adds emissions to the manufacturing phase
and reduces use-phase emissions to as low as zero.
No additional renewable energy capacity on the grid during the
life of the vehicle-the shape of the renewable energy adoption
curve is still up for debate.
Manufacturing-phase emissions for Model 3/Y in the U.S.
represent a Fremont-made vehicle, while manufacturing-phase
emissions in Europe and China represent a China-made vehicle.
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Average Lifecycle Emissions
Impact Report 2023 28
United States gCO2e/mi* New York gCO2e/mi*
Model 3/Y
Personal Use
Personal Use 108 Personal Use
72 Personal Use
Shift to Greener Grid
72
116
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
445 445
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Average Lifecycle Emissions
United States gC02e/mi*
Model 3/Y Standard Range (RWD)
Personal Use
Solar Charged
Personal Use
Grid Charged
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
72
116 --
445 -
e Manufacturing Phase and Supply Chain Use Phase
New York gC02e/mi*
Shift to Greener Grid
Personal Use
Solar Charged
Personal Use
Grid Charged
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
72
108
445
--
-
*gC02e/mi = grams of C02e emissions per mile driven
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Average Lifecycle Emissions
Impact Report 2023 29
Europe gCO2e/mi* France gCO2e/mi*
Model 3/Y
Personal Use
Personal Use 113 Personal Use
114 Personal Use
Shift to Greener Grid
114
139
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
459 459
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Average Lifecycle Emissions
Eu rope 9C02e/mi*
Model 3/Y Standard Range (RWD)
Personal Use
Solar Charged
Personal Use
Grid Charged
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
114
139
459
e Manufacturing Phase and Supply Chain
-
Use Phase
France gC02e/mi*
Shift to Greener Grid
Personal Use
Solar Charged
Personal Use
Grid Charged
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
114
113
459
*gC02e/mi = grams of C02e emissions per mile driven
29
•

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Average Lifecycle Emissions
Impact Report 2023 30
China gCO2e/mi* Sichuan Province gCO2e/mi*
Model 3/Y
Personal Use
Personal Use 134 Personal Use
114 Personal Use
Shift to Greener Grid
114
231
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
466 466
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Average Lifecycle Emissions
China gC02e/mi*
Model 3/Y Standard Range (RWD)
Personal Use
Solar Charged
Personal Use
Grid Charged
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
114
231
466
e Manufacturing Phase and Supply Chain Use Phase
Sichuan Province 9co2e/mi*
Shift to Greener Grid
Personal Use
Solar Charged
Personal Use
Grid Charged
Average
Premium ICE
Vehicle
114
134
466
*gC02e/mi = grams of C02e emissions per mile driven
-
30

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31
The carbon impact of ICE vehicles
remains the same every year of use
U.S. Electricity Grid Generation Mix
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Environment
The Carbon Impact of ICE Vehicles
Remains the Same Every Year of Use
The LCAs we have presented assume the same
emissions per mile for our vehicles throughout their
lifetime. This assumption is conservative given the grid
keeps getting cleaner. While emissions per mile for EVs
will improve with the grid, emissions per mile for ICE
vehicles will not.
U.S. Electricity Grid Generation Mix
(Conservative Estimate)
Based on publicly available sales and fleet data, we
estimate that an average vehicle in the U.S. is scrapped
after 17 years and slightly less than 200,000 miles of
driving. As an ICE vehicle ages, its fuel efficiency only
remains stable if serviced properly. Meanwhile,
electricity generation to charge EVs has become
"greener" over time with the addition of cleaner energy
sources to the grid. EV drivers can increase their
renewable energy mix by installing solar energy
generation or storage systems on their homes.
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
2015 2016 2018 2020 2022
31
Zero-Emission Sources
2024E 2026E 2028E 2030E 2032E 2034E 2036E 2038E 2040E

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32
Greater efficiency than a Prius,
performance of a Porsche
Model 3
4.2s 125mph
Model Y
4.8s 135mph
Impact Report 2023
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Greater Efficiency Than a Prius,
Performance of a Porsche
More efficient vehicles equals less lifetime energy use.
Tesla vehicles are among the most efficient EVs built to
date. Model Y All-Wheel Drive (AWD) achieves 3.8 EPA
miles/kWh, making it the most efficient electric SUV ever
made. While achieving the best-in-class energy
efficiency, our AWD models also provide impressive
acceleration and speed.
Model Y
Long Range AWD
4.8s 135mph
0-60mph Top Speed
32
Model 3
Long Range AWD
4.2s 125mph
0-60mph Top Speed

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33
We Make the Most Efficient
Electric SUV on the Road
Impact Report 2023
Model Y
3.8
EV Powertrain Efficiency
Impact Report 2023 Environment
We Make the Most Efficient
Electric SUV on the Road
EV Powertrain Efficiency
(EPA rated mi/kWh)
3.8
Model Y
3.6
Kia
EV6
3.4
Ford
Mustang Mach-E
3.4
Hyundai
IONIQ5
3.1
Audi
e-tron
3.1
vw
ID.4
2.7
Jaguar
I-PACE
33

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34
Electrifying Heavy-Duty Trucks
is Critical to Our Mission
Impact Report 2023
% of U.S. Vehicle Fleet % of U.S. Vehicle Emissions
1.1% 16.4%
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Electrifying Heavy-Duty Trucks
is Critical to Our Mission
Combination trucks account for about 16% of U.S.
vehicle emissions-Semi helps change that. With less
than 2 kWh per mile of energy consumption, Semi can
travel up to 500 miles on a single charge, fully loaded.
Charging with electricity is approximately 2 times
cheaper per mile than refueling with diesel. Operators
can see estimated fuel savings of up to $150,000 within
their first three years of ownership.* With remote
diagnostics, over-the-air software updates and fewer
moving parts to maintain, operators will spend less time
at service centers and more time on the road.
*Based on average Q1 2024 diesel prices in California and latest
electricity rates.
% of U.S. Vehicle Fleet
- Combination Trucks - Rest of Fleet
34
% of U.S. Vehicle Emissions
16.4%
83.6%

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Impact Report 2023 35
Our Batteries are Designed for
200K+ Miles of Driving
Model 3/Y Long Range
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Our Batteries are Designed for
200K+ Miles of Driving
Vehicle battery production can result in over six metric
tons of GHG emissions, so it's important that the battery
lasts as long as the vehicle. Which is why we often get
asked: Will I need to replace my battery at some point in
the future? The answer is no. Since we've been selling
EVs for over a decade, we have a reliable data set that
shows us battery degradation over time. We estimate that
a vehicle gets scrapped after approximately 200,000
miles of usage in the U.S. and roughly 150,000 miles in
Europe. Even after 200,000 miles of usage, our batteries
in Model 3 and Model Y lose just 15% of their capacity on
average, while batteries in Model S and Model X lose just
12% of their capacity on average.
Model 3/Y Long Range
Battery Retention per Distance Traveled
100%
80%
50°/o
0%
0 50K
35
e Retention Standard Deviation
100K 150K 200K Miles

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36
Unlike ICE vehicles, it is possible to fully decarbonize
the manufacturing and lifetime use of EVs
Impact Report 2023
We minimize the carbon impact of our operations with our decarbonization strategy
Impact Report 2023 Environment
e minimize t e car on
• 1m act o our o erations wit
our ecar onization strate
Unlike ICE vehicles, it is possible to fully decarbonize
the manufacturing and lifetime use of EVs
Electric vehicles and sustainable energy products have a
far better environmental impact than fossil fuel
alternatives. This includes the full lifecycle: raw material
mining, manufacturing, product use and disposal.
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Decarbonization at Tesla
Impact Report 2023 37
100%
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Decarbonization at Tesla
Tesla strives to achieve net-zero GHG emissions
across our full product lifecycle, from mining and
production through use and end of life recycling. While
we have made progress in reducing our emissions
intensity in the near term and made meaningful
progress on building a plan to achieve net-zero
emissions as soon as possible, there remains work to
do to finalize this plan. Our goal is to set a target that is
both meaningful and thoughtful.
With a mission to accelerate the world's transition to
sustainable energy, decarbonization is at the heart of
everything we do. An ambitious stance on GHG
emissions reduction is necessary to continue moving
the world toward a sustainable energy economy.
We are prepared to continue our decarbonization
journey, acknowledging the constantly changing
landscape of technological advancements and
sustainable energy markets. As we evolve, we strongly
believe that starting with an ambitious strategy is not
just wise, but necessary. With the sustainable energy
sector ascendant, we anticipate a rising demand for
zero direct emission products across energy and
transportation. Despite this, our dedication to
meticulously tracking and reducing our GHG emissions
remains unwavering, alongside our commitment to
nurturing innovation-a fundamental aspect of our
organizational identity.
In addition, we aim to transition our operational electricity
load to 100% renewable electricity well before we
achieve our net-zero emissions goal and to continue
matching 100% of our Supercharger electricity load
annually with renewable electricity.
For more information, please see our supply chain
decarbonization strategy starting on page 107.
Net-zero GHG emissions as
soon as possible
operational renewable
electricity achieved ahead
of net-zero emissions
37

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Our Data-Driven Approach
to Measure and Track Our
Emissions
38
We’re evolving the standard approach to Scope 3
GHG emissions management
We use primary data to calculate emissions from
our products
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Environment
Our Data-Driven Approach
to Measure and Track Our
Emissions
Tesla has been measuring the GHG emissions from our
full value chain in accordance with the GHG Protocol for
several years, starting with our supply chain and
manufacturing processes through our Sales, Service
and Delivery activities. Each year, our data collection
process becomes increasingly refined, prioritizing the
collection of primary data over database estimates that
don't accurately reflect our emissions. We've built an inhouse data collection system with integrated controls
that will evolve over time with our business.
We're evolving the standard approach to Scope 3
GHG emissions management
Scope 3 GHG emissions calculations are often highly
academic-even when they conform to popular
frameworks like the GHG Protocol. They rely on large
estimations and assumptions that often lead to figures
that don't reflect the true impact. Tesla is in a unique
position for two reasons: we obtain primary data from
the use of our products and our high level of vertical
integration and direct sourcing relationships enable us
to collect primary data from upstream activities, such
as sourcing.
We use primary data to calculate emissions from
our products
With data from over six million vehicles on the road
and a fleet of solar and storage products, we can
calculate our emissions at a much higher level of
accuracy than most manufacturers and can therefore
develop emissions-reduction solutions accordingly.
This also means that we can measure our use-ofproduct emissions year-over-year instead of
estimating their lifetime value.
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Our Data-Driven Approach
to Measure and Track Our
Emissions (Cont’d)
39
We advance innovative approaches to end-of-life emissions
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Environment
Our Data-Driven Approach
to Measure and Track Our
Emissions (Cont'd)
We advance innovative approaches to end-of-life emissions
Our approach to understanding the end-of-life impact of
our products goes beyond standard frameworks and
emission factors. Our circular solutions programming
offers an avenue to obtain primary data for the end-of-life
of our products. This includes gathering data on the
carbon footprint of our recycling processes, allowing for
more precise calculations of emissions compared to
relying solely on standard global carbon footprint
methodologies for battery recycling. Recognizing that our
products will reach their end-of-life far in the future, we
also forecast regional grid mixes to accurately model
future energy scenarios.
This innovative methodology ensures that we reflect
the true environmental impact of our products, setting
a higher standard for GHG emissions management in
the industry.
Continuously enhancing the granularity of our data
collection processes across all Scope 3 categories is a
priority. Given that Scope 3 emissions make up most of
an OEMs' total footprint, leveraging real and accurate
data empowers us to begin implementing impactful
emissions reduction strategies.
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Powering Our Supercharger
Network With Renewables
Impact Report 2023 40
We’re powering our vehicles with renewable energy
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Powering Our Supercharger
Network With Renewables
We're powering our vehicles with renewable energy
Our global Supercharger network was 100% renewable
again in 2023, achieved through a combination of onsite resources and annual renewable electricity
matching. We also continue to match some of our
customers' home charging in California with 100%
renewable electricity, matching annually.
0 For 3 years in a row, our global
Supercharger network was
100% renewable
40

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Generating More Energy
Than is Consumed
Impact Report 2023 41
In 2023, Tesla solar owners generated enough zeroemissions electricity to power all Tesla locations,
including manufacturing, support, research, sales,
service and delivery locations—more than three times.
3X
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Generating More Energy
Than is Consumed
In 2023, Tesla solar owners generated enough zeroemissions electricity to power all Tesla locations,
including manufacturing, support, research, sales,
service and delivery locations-more than three times.
3X the power needed for Tesla
locations generated by owners
of Tesla solar panels
41

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Impact Report 2023 42
Building Sustainability into
Facility Design
@ Fremont Factory
GA3
Paint
Shop
@ Gigafactory Shanghai
Stamping
Body in White (Welding)
General Assembly
Paint Shop
Stamping
Body in White (Welding)
General Assembly
GA3

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Impact Report 2023 43
Natural gas reductions
across operations
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Natural Gas Reductions
Across Operations
We also maintain an ongoing commitment to enhancing
the efficiency of our manufacturing processes across
existing factories, with a focus on natural gas
consumption. In 2023, we implemented optimization
controls in our plastics and body paint shops at
Gigafactory Texas, aimed at increasing the efficiency of
natural gas usage and thereby curbing overall
consumption. Additionally, strategic adjustments to
temperature, fan speed and nozzle placements in our
Gigafactory Texas paint shop ovens have yielded natural
gas reductions. This proactive approach extends beyond
Gigafactory Texas. The evaluation and efficiency of
natural gas usage across our global operations will
continue to be a priority as we work to reduce emissions
from this energy source.
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Impact Report 2023 44
Increasing Our Operational
Renewable Electricity Load
Procuring More Renewables for Operations
100%
100%
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Increasing Our Operational
Renewable Electricity Load
In addition to achieving 100°/o renewable energy for our
Supercharger electricity load, we aim to source 100%
renewable electricity across our operations. We've
already begun this journey through the design of new
factories covered with solar panels. By year-end 2023,
we had installed 46,500 kW of solar at our factories,
with the largest installation at Gigafactory Texas. We
will continue to add more renewable energy to serve
our Tesla sites.
Procuring More Renewables for Operations
In addition to on-site renewable electricity, we are
matching our operational energy usage through the
procurement of more renewables. We buy electricity
directly from a mix of renewable energy projects
through long-term Power Purchase Agreements
("PPAs") on the grids where we operate. Spanning
California, Texas and Germany, we've secured almost
140 MW of clean energy generation capacity with a
majority coming online between 2023 and 2024.
As we expand our operations and footprint, we plan to
match remaining operational energy consumption
through renewable energy purchases.
of Gigafactory BerlinBrandenburg's energy usage
was matched with renewable
electricity in 2023
operational renewable
electricity achieved ahead of
net-zero emissions
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Impact Report 2023 45
Greening Our Fleet
and Logistics
~90%
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Greening Our Fleet
and Logistics
As a company that produces inherently sustainable
products, we see an opportunity to deploy Tesla vehicles
to help reduce Tesla's carbon footprint. In 2020, EVs made
up -65% of our Mobile Service fleet. By year-end 2023,
we increased this figure to almost 90%. We also added
300 Tesla-owned EVs to our operational fleet in 2023.
We've started to expand our product use into upstream
and downstream logistics as well. In 2023, we began using
our Semis to deliver inbound battery packs from Reno to
supply Fremont Factory. The lifetime internal fleet miles
has reached approximately 800,000 miles, which has
allowed us to avoid emitting almost 650 metrics tons of
CO2e into the atmosphere. We aim to grow the integration
of our Semis for the delivery of our products to customers.
of Tesla's Mobile Service fleet
were EVs by year-end 2023
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Impact Report 2023 46
Reducing Our Carbon Footprint
Even Further
Dynamic Controls for Energy Efficiency Optimizing Battery Cell Manufacturing
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Reducing Our Carbon Footprint
Even Further
Dynamic Controls for Energy Efficiency
In 2023, Al Control for HVAC was expanded from Nevada
and Texas to now include our factories in Berlin and
California. Additionally, the number of controls in Nevada
increased to nearly half of the total HVAC infrastructure.
The Al Control policy enables HVAC systems within each
Gigafactory to work together to process sensor data,
model Gigafactory dynamics and apply control actions
that safely minimize the energy required to support
production. Al Control is primarily deployed on systems
that heat or cool critical Gigafactory production spaces
and equipment. To ensure safe operation, Al Control
continuously communicates with the preexisting standard
control logic of each system. In the event of any Al Control
error, each system seamlessly reverts to standard control.
As a result, as of 2023, there have been zero safety
incidents or production interruptions related to Al Control.
Optimizing Battery Cell Manufacturing
In order to reduce the cost of our vehicles and batteries,
we also need to use less energy to produce them. Tesla
has an innovative approach to manufacturing cells using a
dryelectrode process. Current electrode production
processes involve mixing liquids with cathode or anode
powders and using massive machinery to coat and dry the
electrode. Since this process involves large ovens, today's
cell production consumes a lot of energy. The
dryelectrode process allows for the direct transition from
a cathode or anode powder to an electrode film, reducing
energy consumption in the overall cell manufacturing
phase by more than 70% based on our latest analysis.
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$Impact Report 2023 47 We Minimize Water Usage Throughout Our Operations Industry Avg (Latest) Tesla (2018) 2.48 Tesla (2023) Global Water Use per Vehicle Produced by Tesla Is Coming Down Over Time Water is becoming increasingly scarce as the climate changes Producing an EV requires less water than producing an ICE vehicle Tesla is a very small industrial water consumer in Brandenburg Selected Industrial Water Consumption Local to Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg Tesla Impact Report 2023 Environment We Minimize Water Usage Throughout Our Operations Water is becoming increasingly scarce as the climate changes We are reducing our water usage throughout our operations as much as possible, prioritizing direct use in manufacturing. In the following section, we outline initiatives we are taking at Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg and Gigafactory Texas to reduce water consumption per vehicle (including in the production of battery cells). Producing an EV requires less water than producing an ICE vehicle Each automaker may draw their boundaries slightly differently, depending on how vertically integrated they are. According to the latest publicly available figures, Tesla withdrew less water at facilities dedicated to vehicle manufacturing per vehicle produced than the majority of established automakers. Global Water Use per Vehicle Produced by Tesla Is Coming Down Over Time m3 of Water per Vehicle Produced 3.37 3.27 2.48 Industry Avg Tesla Tesla (Latest) (2018) (2023) Tesla is a very small industrial water consumer in Brandenburg Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg was designed to consume as little water as possible. Compared to other industrial companies near the factory in East Brandenburg, Tesla consumes very little water, despite producing hundreds of thousands of vehicles per year. In fact, while Tesla has a contractual allowance to consume 1.4 million cubic meters of water per year, we only consumed a fraction of that-0.45 million cubic meters-in 2023. We continue to find ways to minimize our water usage, including through the launch of an industrial water recovery and recycling plant onsite that recycles up to 100% of the factory process waste water. See our latest video for more information. Selected Industrial Water Consumption Local to Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg mm3/yr e e Actual Water Consumption Opencase Mining LEAG Disposal Company EEW Oil Refinery PCK Paper Mill Leipa Steel Production Arcelor M ittal Tesla 0 e Contractual Allowance 15 30 Source: Environmental Ministry of Brandenburg (August 2023); Tesla 47 45$

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Impact Report 2023 48
Setting a New Standard for
Water Use per Vehicle
Water-Intensive Process Optimization Rainwater and Condensate Harvesting and Reuse Reclaimed and Recycled Water
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Setting a New Standard for
Water Use per Vehicle
Water-Intensive Process Optimization
We are constantly optimizing or eliminating waterintensive production processes across our operations.
At Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg, we implemented
hybrid cooling towers, eliminated quench tanks in
casting and introduced cascade rinsing systems in the
paint shop and battery can wash process. In 2023, we
introduced various efficiency processes within our
water-intensive paint shops to reduce overall water
consumption at Gigafactory Texas.
Rainwater and Condensate Harvesting and Reuse
We are planning to capture at least 25°/o of roof runoff
in a central underground storage system in Gigafactory
Texas. Rainwater will be recycled for use in the cooling
of manufacturing equipment. In an average year, such
systems should save an estimated 14 million gallons of
potable city water. Additionally, as hot, humid outdoor
air is conditioned, water condenses out of the air.
Typically, this condensate is discarded as wastewater.
At Gigafactory Texas, we plan to use this condensate
in our cooling towers and process water systems to
offset incoming site water. Based off latest estimates,
this could result in 13.6 million gallons of water
conserved annually.
A note about water usage and power generation
It's important to note the dual benefits of our solar energy products in
reducing GHGs and minimizing water consumption. While the impact of
power generation on emissions is widely recognized, its effect on water
usage often goes unnoticed. Power generation ranks among the top
causes of water withdrawal in the U.S., as water for thermoelectric power
48
Reclaimed and Recycled Water
The "cooling tower makeup" is the single biggest
contributor to water usage in a vehicle factory after paint
operations. As water that cools machinery evaporates, it
needs to be topped up regularly. The total cooling tower
makeup could be offset entirely by non-potable sources
such as rainwater or wastewater. Using locally treated
wastewater could result in offsetting the entire annual
"cooling tower makeup" water demand with non-drinkable
uses. We have started using reclaimed water for our
landscape irrigation needs at Gigafactory Texas. Once
fully deployed, we expect this to save just under 150
million gallons of potable city water annually.
is used to generate electricity with steam-driven turbine generators and
to cool power-producing equipment. This means that every kilowatt-hour
of clean solar energy produced not only lowers GHG emissions, but also
lowers water consumption.

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Impact Report 2023 49
As We Build More Efficient Factories,
Our Waste per Vehicle Decreases
161
Waste per Vehicle Produced at
Gigafactory Shanghai vs. Fremont Factory
413
Impact Report 2023 Environment
As We Build More Efficient Factories,
Our Waste per Vehicle Decreases
Our legacy manufacturing operations at Fremont
Factory will always produce more waste per vehicle
than our newly designed factories. First, because the
automotive supply chain doesn't have a strong
presence on the West Coast of the U.S., many
components need to be shipped from long distances to
our Fremont Factory, requiring excessive packaging
and creating more waste than necessary. Second,
modern factories are better designed for material flow.
Trailer entry points surround the whole factory, which
means that components can be offloaded precisely at
the part of the factory where they are needed.
Waste per Vehicle Produced at
Gigafactory Shanghai vs. Fremont Factory
kg of Waste per Vehicle Produced
161
Gigafactory
Shanghai
413
Fremont
Factory
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Impact Report 2023 50
Circular Solutions
We are driving circularity across our value chain
90 %
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Circular Solutions
We are driving circularity across our value chain
In our commitment to circularity within our value chain,
we prioritize recycling materials to minimize waste. The
vast majority of generated waste-such as paper,
plastics metals and even water-is recyclable. At
Gigafactory Shanghai, for example, just 6% of total
waste generated in 2023 was not recycled.
At Gigafactory Texas, we initiated a recycling program
aimed at optimizing the reuse of scrap metals in our
manufacturing processes. Particularly, we recycle
aluminum scrap for use in our castings in Model Y. Model
Y castings can use primary aluminum and a diversified
feedstock of recycled aluminum, including scrap from
our operations as well as recycled components from
non-Tesla vehicles, such as aluminum wheels.
Central to our circularity efforts is a strategic focus on
battery recycling. We continue to enhance our
measurement and tracking of minerals from extraction to
the end-of-life of our products. As our operations
expand, we will strategically identify additional recycling
opportunities.
We know that collaboration with external stakeholders is
crucial to our circular solutions journey. We partner with
stakeholders outside Tesla to increase accuracy around
the carbon impact of our materials.
See page 108 for more information on supplier engagement.
See pages 110-112 for more information on our battery
recycling efforts.
of manufacturing waste
recycled in 2023
At Gigafactory Texas, all
battery manufacturing waste
(from cell to battery pack) was
recycled in 2023
50

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Impact Report 2023 51
Biodiversity
300
Impact Report 2023 Environment
Biodiversity
We work to preserve the natural environments around
our Gigafactories. At Gigafactories Texas, Nevada and
Berlin-Brandenburg we've taken steps to improve the
surrounding ecosystems while minimizing our own
footprint. Initiatives have focused on reintroduction of
native species in areas previously disrupted at our sites.
In Texas, for example, the land now used for our factory
was previously a sand and gravel mine dating back to the
1970's. Following mining operations, the land was left
with vast areas devoid of vegetation. The land required
significant reclamation to restore the area to a more
stable and ecologically functional state.
Current initiatives at Gigafactory Texas are focused
on fostering diverse plant and animal life and
restoring ecological balance to allow for the natural
recovery of the site.
Gigafactory Nevada partnered with a team of
ecologists at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas to
conduct habitat surveys to better understand and
manage biodiversity on site. We recognize the need to
continue taking action to restore, maintain and
enhance our local ecosystems.
300
At Gigafactory Texas, over
30 native plant species
were planted
native seedlings were planted
in areas around Gigafactory
Nevada previously disturbed
by construction
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Product & Safety
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety 52
Product & Safety
Better in Every Way
Making EVs Affordable
Freedom to Travel
Maximizing Safety
Building the Grid of the Future
52
53
57
61
71

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53
We make products
that people love
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
e make products
that people love
Consumers are unlikely to buy products just because they
have a low lifetime carbon footprint. They need to be
better in every way-safer, more affordable, faster and
more fun. We are not just trying to build "green" products;
we are committed to building the best products, period.
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54
Model Y is priced Below
the Average New Vehicle
in the U.S.
Impact Report 2023
$47,244
Average
New Vehicle
$44,990
Model Y
Starting Price
Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Model Y is Priced Below
the Average New Vehicle
in the U.S.
The accessibility of our products is fundamental to our
mission. Model Y is priced on par with premium ICE
vehicle equivalents and below the average new car selling
price in the U.S. Unfortunately, most other EVs on the
market today are often priced at over a $10,000 premium
compared to their direct ICE vehicle equivalents. Even our
most affordable Model 3 comes standard with superior
equipment and software-such as Autopilot, over-the-air
software updates, 4G connectivity and, in our view, the
best infotainment system on the market.
Starting Price
(Before Incentives)
Model Y
Long Range (RWD)
$44,990
"I
I
Average
New Vehicle
$47,244
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55
Model Y total cost of
ownership per mile is similar
to Mass-Market ICE Vehicles
Impact Report 2023
$1.17
$0.68
Total Cost per Mile
$0.70 $0.68
Model Y
Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Model Y Total Cost of
Ownership per Mile is Similar
to Mass-Market ICE Vehicles
While the "sticker price 11 of Model Y is similar to an
equivalent BMW or Audi, the lifetime running costs of
EVs are lower than those of ICE vehicles due to lower
maintenance costs and cheaper electricity.
Electric vehicles are less expensive to fuel than gasoline
powered vehicles. The cost of electricity to power
Model Y is up to 3 times lower than a comparable ICE
vehicle. This results in approximately $7,000 of fuel
savings over 5 years and 60,000 miles.
For more information, visit Tesla.com/ModelY
Total Cost per Mile
{5 Years, 60,000 Miles)
Model Y
Long Range (RWD)
$0.70
55
BMWX3
$1.17
Honda CR-V
$0.68
Toyota RAV4
$0.68

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56
Making EVs even
more affordable
Impact Report 2023
50%
Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Making EVs Even
More Affordable
Our goal is to displace fossil fuels by selling as many Tesla
products as possible. To achieve this goal, we need to
make our products even more accessible. Affordability
begins with how much it costs us to produce our vehicles.
We were able to reduce the cost to build a single vehicle
by almost 50% since 2018 with the introduction of Model
3 and Model Y as well as the deployment of new, more
efficient factories. And we aren't done yet. During 2023
Investor Day, we outlined our goal of reducing costs even
further with the introduction of new vehicle and
manufacturing technologies.
reduction in the cost to
build a single vehicle
since 2018
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57
People use their Tesla as
their primary vehicle
13,768
Average Annual Miles Driven
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
People Use Their Tesla as
Their Primary Vehicle
Our data shows that our customers drive Tesla vehicles
more than the average vehicle in the U.S., suggesting
that they use their Tesla as their primary vehicle. Surveys
show that range and charging concerns (real or
perceived) are a key reason why many people do not
replace their ICE vehicle with an EV. The more confident
owners are that their EV can be used for errands,
commuting and long road trips, the less they will feel the
need to supplement their EV with an ICE vehicle.
Average Annual Miles Driven
(United States)
13,768
Model Y
57
11,142
Average Vehicle

57/160

58
Freedom of travel is the
reason people buy vehicles
in the first place
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Freedom of Travel is the
Reason People Buy Vehicles
in the First Place
Consumers do not buy a vehicle that can meet most of
their driving needs-they buy a vehicle that meets all of
their driving needs. Since its introduction in 2012, we
have increased the range of Model S by over 50%-from
265 miles to 402 miles of range for the long-range
version. Our focus on energy efficiency-achieving
superior range from the same sized battery-has allowed
us to continue to increase range while keeping the battery
size relatively stable.
58

58/160

Incredibly fast charging times
for V3 and V4 Superchargers
59
200 miles of range 15 minutes of charging
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Incredibly Fast Charging Times
for V3 and V 4 Superchargers
Superchargers can
recover up to
miles of range
59
In about
minutes of charging

59/160

Average Uptime of Supercharger Sites*
Chargers that just work
60
99.90% 99.74% 99.96% 99.95% 99.97%
2023
Impact Report 2023

60/160

We design our vehicles to
be as safe as possible
All Tesla safety features come standard
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety 61
We Design Our Vehicles to
Be as Safe as Possible
All Tesla safety features come standard
Tesla vehicles are engineered to be some of the safest in
the world. Our vehicles are equipped with specifically
designed crumple zones, airbags and pretensioning
seatbelts-among many other technologies. Beyond the
star ratings, we push ourselves to learn more and more
about passive and active safety from our fleet. Our
safety principles are:
Safety is our core customer experience
The safest crash is no crash
Safety optimization is fleet data driven
and deployed at scale
61
All Tesla vehicles built since October 2016 come with a
suite of external cameras, additional sensors and onboard
computing that enable advanced safety features like
Automatic Emergency Braking, Lane Departure Warning,
Forward and Side Collision Warning, Obstacle-Aware
Acceleration, blind spot warnings, vulnerable road-user
detection and more-all of which continue to improve over
time through over-the-air software updates. We deploy
these updates to our vehicles at our customers'
convenience without a trip to a Service Center.
Connectivity is a hallmark of Tesla ownership and software
updates continually enhance the customer experience.

61/160

Not all active safety systems
are created equal
62
94%
94%
94%
94%
Superior
98%
98%
Superior
98%
Safety Assist Rating Euro NCAP Safety Assist Rating
Tesla Model Y
Tesla Model S
98%
98%
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Not All Active Safety Systems
are Created Equal
Our active safety features are powered by cameras, a
neural-net computer and learnings from our fleet of over
six million vehicles with billions of miles driven. Built on a
deep neural network, Tesla Vision deconstructs the
vehicle 1
s environment at greater levels of reliability than
classical vision processing techniques can. The system
also continually improves over time with accumulated
fleet miles.
Safety Assist Rating
Model X Model 3
94% 1 94% 1
ANCAP 94% 1 94% 1
SAFETY
11ns LOI Not
Rated
Superior
1 2019 Safety Assist Ratings 2 2022 Safety Assist Ratings
62
Euro NCAP Safety Assist Rating 2020-2022
Model Y Model S
Tesla Model V 98%
98% 2 98% 2 Tesla Model S 98%
98% 2 Not NIO ET7 95% BMW 2 Series AT 92%
Rated
WEY Coffee 01 94% BMWX1 92%
Superior Not
Rated
ORA Funky Cat 93% Lexus NX 91%
Nissan Ariya 93% Subaru Solterra 91%
WEY Coffee 02 93% Toyota bZ4X 91%

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63
Exceeding safety standards
across four continents
Impact Report 2023
Best in Class
Occupant Safety

Pedestrian Safety

Active Safety
Best in Class Top Performer
Top Performer
Occupant Safety
Active Safety
Best in Class
Best in Class
Top Performer
Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Exceeding Safety Standards
Across Four Continents
Model 3
Model Y
Model S
Model X
*****
2018
***** 2020
***** 2013
***** 2017
IIHS
HLDI
2022 slP[Tv HHS PICK+
2022
2023 TOP HHS SAFETY PICK+
2023
Best in Class
*****
2019
Best in Class
*****
2022
Best in Class
*****
2022
Best in Class
*****
2019
ANCAP
SAFETY
Top Performer
*****
2019
Top Performer
*****
2022
*****
2014
Top Performer
*****
2019
CHINA INSURANC[ Al/TOMOTIVE S.U:ETV INDEX
Top Rating
Occupant Safety
Active Safety
2021
Top Rating
Occupant Safety
Pedestrian Safety
Active Safety
2021
63

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64
Exceeding safety standards
across four continents (Cont'd)
Impact Report 2023
Model Y
Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Exceeding Safety Standards
Across Four Continents (Cont'd)
Model Y is our latest vehicle to earn a five-star safety
rating from the European New Car Assessment
Programme (Euro NCAP). As part of this assessment,
Model Y received the highest overall score among any
vehicle tested under Euro NCAP. Model Sand Model Y
both received the highest overall safety scores among
every vehicle tested by Euro NCAP in 2022.
In the updated and tougher IIHS Side MOB 2.0 crash
test (involves 82% more energy than the original 1.0
version of this crash model), the 2023 Model Y secured
a Top Safety Pick+ Rating for overall crash safety from
the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) despite
more stringent eligibility.
Model Y
5-Star Safety Euro NCAP, 2022
Top Safety Pick+ Rating IIHS, 2023
*****
64

64/160

Safety is Enhanced With
Driver-Assist Technologies
Impact Report 2023 65
5.64
Tesla Vehicles 
With Driver-Assist
Technologies Engaged
1.24
Tesla Vehicles 
No Active Safety
Total  
U.S. Vehicle Fleet*
Miles Driven Before One Accident

65/160

Safety Score incentivizes  
safe driving
Customers who choose to be part of our Tesla Insurance
program receive a Safety ScoreBeta. Instead of
determining a driver's insurance premium from
demographic information (gender, age, education, or
marital status) and financial history (credit score), our
algorithm calculates Safety ScoreBeta based on actual
driving behavior. Our data shows a lower rate of collision
for the cohort of customers who have enabled Safety
ScoreBeta. As the vehicle's Safety ScoreBeta increases, the
number of collisions per mile decreases and insurance
premiums reduce. The behaviors we monitor include:
@ Forward Collision WarningP
@ Hard BrakinB
@ Aggressive TurninB
@ Unsafe Following (Tailgating)
@ Forced Autopilot Disengagemenj
@ Late-Night DrivinB
@ Excessive SpeedinB
@ Unbuckled Driving
Impact Report 2023 66
Collision Rate
Safer Driving, Higher Safety Scores,
Fewer Collisions
Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Safety Score I ncentivizes
Safe Driving
Customers who choose to be part of our Tesla Insurance
program receive a Safety Score
8eta. Instead of
determining a driver's insurance premium from
demographic information (gender, age, education, or
marital status) and financial history (credit score), our
algorithm calculates Safety Score
8 eta based on actual
driving behavior. Our data shows a lower rate of collision
for the cohort of customers who have enabled Safety
ScoreBeta. As the vehicle's Safety ScoreBeta increases, the
number of collisions per mile decreases and insurance
premiums reduce. The behaviors we monitor include:
• Forward Collision Warnings • Forced Autopilot Disengagement
• Hard Braking • Late-Night Driving
• Aggressive Turning • Excessive Speeding
• Unsafe Following (Tailgating) • Unbuckled Driving
Safer Driving, Higher Safety Scores,
Fewer Collisions
Safety Score
8eta
91-100
81-90
71-80
61-70
0-60
Collision Rate
0
66

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Turning into the path of a
pedestrian crossing the road
Turning into the path of
an oncoming vehicle
Traveling toward a vehicle on
a perpendicular path
Automatic Emergency Braking
continues to improve
Impact Report 2023 67

67/160

Using new data to improve
pre-crash safety
68
Injury Studies Moving to Tesla Vision increases performance
Impact Report 2023
We can learn from any crash
Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Using New Data to Improve
Pre-Crash Safety
We can learn from any crash
Whether simulated or real, we can learn from any crash
to help optimize the protection of occupants and reduce
the likelihood of injury. This fundamental philosophy is
one of the reasons our vehicles perform at industryleading levels in regulatory and consumer crash tests
globally. Because our vehicles are connected to Tesla,
we can further leverage this philosophy by deploying
new safety capabilities and improvements over-the-air
as a software update.
Injury Studies
We leverage our ever-growing data set to help ensure
occupants receive the best possible restraints (such as
seat belts and airbags) for the impact they are involved
in and design innovative restraint systems. Our safety
analysis engineers evaluate simulation studies to
enhance our understanding of the complex impacts that
occur in the field. The pace with which we can conduct
these studies has accelerated by automating our data
pipelines and leveraging machine learning to analyze
large data sets. As the capability of driver assistance
advances, the nature of the crash exposure to our fleet
will change.
Moving to Tesla Vision increases performance
In 2021, we removed radar from our sensor suite. This
improved safety while simultaneously simplifying
engineering by removing a noisy signal. Model 3 scored
better in both pedestrian (including nighttime tests) and
urban crash avoidance scenarios under the Euro NCAP
protocols with Tesla Vision only.
68

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Over-the-Air Software Updates
Allow for Low-touch Continuous
Improvement
Impact Report 2023 69
99%
Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Over-The-Air Software Updates
Allow for Low-Touch Continuous
Improvement
Tesla pioneered the concept of vehicles that improve and
become more capable over time by ensuring that every
Tesla vehicle made since 2012 can accept over-the-air
software updates. These updates have introduced new
features and functionality that have made our vehicles
smarter, safer and more enjoyable to drive. We have also
used the over-the-air system to ensure that our vehicles
are not only as secure as possible when they are
delivered, but that they continue to stay as secure as
possible throughout their lifetime.
Furthermore, 99% of "recalls" of Tesla vehicles in 2023
were handled via over-the-air software updates-allowing
our customers to skip a visit to our Service Centers,
maximizing convenience and saving time.
99% of vehicles recalled globally in
2023 didn't require a trip to a
Service Center
69

69/160

Leading the industry in
fire safety
Impact Report 2023 70
Vehicle Fires per Billion Miles Traveled
Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Leading the Industry in
Fire Safety
We have always designed our batteries in a way that
minimizes the chance of thermal runaway. Our battery packs
are industry leading because they are designed to stop a cell
runaway event from spreading to a fire. This is one of the
many reasons why our rate of vehicle fires is about ten times
less likely than an average vehicle. To support a safe
transition to sustainable energy, we share safety techniques
with the industry.
We publish updated fire safety statistics in our Vehicle Safety
Report as they become available. As we rely on non-digital
information for some of these cases, there can be a delay
between when an incident occurs, when we are notified and
when it is included in our statistics. We have developed new
and improved methods of identifying and reporting incidents,
which will be reflected starting with our 2022 report.
For more information about our methodology, see our
Vehicle Safety Report.
Vehicle Fires Per Billion Miles Traveled
In the U.S.
• Tesla • U.S. Average
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
0 10
70
60

70/160

Grid stability is required
for decarbonization
71
Reported Electrical Disturbances
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Grid Stability is Required
for Decarbonization
As we decarbonize the economy and electrify
everything, grid expansion and stability will be more
important than ever. Pairing renewables with energy
storage is the best way to stabilize and grow the grid
while simultaneously making the required GHG
emissions reductions needed to avoid the worst
outcomes of climate change. Electrical disturbances in
the U.S. are becoming more common, predominantly due
to weather and natural disasters. According to the U.S.
Department of Energy, electrical disturbances cost
businesses $150 billion per year. It is not surprising that
homeowners and businesses are increasingly turning to
backup power supply options.
Reported Electrical Disturbances
In the U.S.
• Weather or Natural Disaster • Vandalism, Attack or Sabotage
2005
2008
2011
2014
2017
2020
2023
0
71
Other
200 400

71/160

An entire ecosystem
Impact Report 2023 72
Renewable energy paired with battery storage will
become the cheapest option available
Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
An Entire Ecosystem
We have an entire ecosystem of energy products
including hardware and software across generation
and storage. We also have project management
capabilities and a strong deployment track record of
getting projects done on time. Our energy products
can serve many purposes, including reducing
emissions, helping to prevent grid outages and acting
as backup power if the grid does go down.
Renewable energy paired with battery storage will
become the cheapest option available
We are committed to reducing the cost of our
products to foster mass adoption. Ultimately, using
renewable energy (such as solar and wind) with
battery storage will become the cheapest energy
option available, regardless of location. This is already
the case in many locations around the world. As costs
continue to decline, more customers will be able to
financially benefit from turning to renewable energy.
I I
---
I
I
I
72
I I I I
I I

72/160

Renewables and energy storage
Are already cost competitive
73
($/MWh) 0 50 100 150 200 250
Levelized Cost of Energy Comparison for Megapack and
Conventional Resources
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Renewables and Energy Storage
Are Already Cost Competitive
Megapack is cheaper per MWh than many fossil fuel
alternatives. A single Megapack XL has almost 4
MWh worth of battery storage capacity, and given its
scalability, enables projects over 1,000 MWh. In
2022, in order to meet demand that is well in excess
of supply for energy storage products, Tesla
completed a new production facility, called
Megafactory, capable of producing 40,000 MWh of
energy storage per year. We also announced another
Megafactory in China in early 2023.
The largest energy storage projects deployed in 2023
approached 1,000 MWh in size. Today, Tesla is
working with its customers on projects upwards of
3,000 MWh and expects total deployments in 2024
to grow by at least 75% compared to 2023.
Levelized Cost of Energy Comparison for Megapack and
Conventional Resources
• Subsidized • Un-subsidized
Solar PV + Megapack 2 XL
Natural Gas Peaker Plant
Nuclear Power Plant
Coal Plant
Combined-Cycle Natural Gas
($/MWh) 0
Source: Lazard April 2023 analysis. Megapack 2 XL figures are for
our 4-hour duration product and are based on Tesla estimates.
50
73
100 150 200 250

73/160

Autobidder enhances
economic return for
our customers
ERCOT (TX) Energy Storage Projects Annualized Revenues
Impact Report 2023 74

74/160

Tesla Energy products set the
bar for safety and reliability
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety 75
Tesla Energy Products Set the
Bar for Safety and Reliability
Tesla meets and exceeds many industry safety standards
and code requirements, as demonstrated through
rigorous testing. The hardware and software safety
features in Powerwall and Megapack work in tandem to
prevent system faults and maximize product uptime.
Continuous monitoring allows for detection, diagnosis
and troubleshooting of system warnings and faultsenabling timely and appropriate responses to all safety
events involving Tesla products and ensuring the safety
of first responders.
75

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76
Zero Direct Emissions Built-In Safety 24/7 Monitoring
Exceeds Standards Proactive Fire Control Best-In-Class Performance
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Product & Safety
Zero Direct Emissions
Unlike fossil fuel peaker plants, battery
storage has zero direct emissions
Exceeds Standards
Safety is our top priority, and we
continuously review, test and update
our requirements and procedures
Built-In Safety
Our energy storage products are
manufactured with hardware and
software safety features
Proactive Fire Control
Designed to prevent battery fires
(thermal runaway) and be resilient if
they occur
24/7 Monitoring
Early detection, diagnosis and
troubleshooting of system errors and
Live Support for safety events
0
Best-In-Class Performance
Leading energy and power density,
upwards of 400 MWh per acre
76

76/160

People & Community
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community 77
People & Community
Our Employees Are Critical to
Achieving Our Mission
Preparing the Workforce for a Sustainable Energy Future
Centering Safety and Engagement
Developing Our Leaders Internally
Social Impact
77
78
85
91
101

77/160

preparing the workforce for a
sustainable energy future
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community 78
Preparing the work orce or a
sustainable energy uture
To sustain our pace of innovation, we must ensure we attract,
develop and retain a talented workforce with ample opportunity
to contribute to our mission and grow professionally.
We are committed to providing a workplace where our
employees feel respected, satisfied and appreciated. Our
policies are designed to promote fairness and respect for
everyone. We hire, evaluate and promote employees based on
their skills and performance.
78

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79
We are focused on
developing the best talent
Hiring Events
Impact Report 2023
5.9M
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
We Are Focused on
Developing the Best Talent
Hiring Events
A core principle of our recruiting strategy is that the best
talent doesn't always come from the established
recruiting channels. We are focused on attracting and
developing diverse talent and supporting their growth
into leadership roles, regardless of their background.
Our recruiting efforts focus on providing opportunities
for the strongest candidates, regardless of their age,
gender identity, sexual orientation, country of origin and
other immutable characteristics.
We support organizations and conferences in addition to
community engagement and work focused on developing
a diverse pipeline of the best candidates.
In 2023, we participated in over 200 recruiting events
with universities, the military and other organizations.
This helped us cast a wide recruiting net, enabling groups
who have not traditionally been included in our hiring
pipeline to learn about Tesla and apply for a position.
79
•
job applications received in 2023

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80
Inspiring the Next Generation
of Tesla Leaders
Investments in Education
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Inspiring the Next Generation
of Tesla Leaders
Our education outreach is centered on taking a hands-on
approach to inspiring young people through STEM-based
programs and events designed to spark curiosity and
foster creativity. By providing access to learning
opportunities for underrepresented communities, we are
preparing even more people for the careers of the future.
Investments in Education
The investments we make in education aims to equip
students with the skills and knowledge to be
successful in school and at work. By supporting those
who live near our factories, we are investing in the
long-term health of our communities.
Nevada: In April of 2023, we completed a five-year,
$37.5M investment in K-12 education in the state as
part of our commitment to build Gigafactory Nevada.
Tesla's investment has supported thousands of
students from all levels in robotics, sustainability and
STEM programs. As a result of this investment, over
50°/o of middle and high schools in Nevada now have an
active robotics team.
Texas: At Gigafactory Texas, we continued to support
Robotics and Workforce Development programs at Del
Valle Independent School District (DVISD) and began
work on starting the first Gigafactory Texas High School
Robotics lab to support DVISD's upcoming Pathways in
Technology Manufacturing program. In 2023, Tesla
invested over $840,000 to support community
organizations across Central Texas.
80

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81
Inspiring the Next Generation
of Tesla Leaders (Cont'd)
Manufacturing Day Robotics
Impact Report 2023
Introduce a Girl to Engineering Day
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Inspiring the Next Generation
of Tesla Leaders (Cont'd)
Introduce a Girl to Engineering Day
During Engineering Week, Tesla celebrates Introduce a
Girl to Engineering Day, a national movement focused
on encouraging girls to see engineering as a desirable
and impactful career path. Tesla first became involved
in 2018 at Gigafactory Nevada and now holds an
annual event across many Tesla sites with the goal of
creating a fun, engaging learning experience for
middle school girls. As a part of the day, students
receive a behind-the-scenes tour of a Tesla facility,
meet some of the women working at Tesla and
participate in hands-on STEM activities with employee
volunteers. This year's event was both in-person and
virtual, with over 3,000 registrants across 43 states
and 42 countries, hosted at 17 factories, offices and
showrooms across the U.S., Canada and Germany.
Manufacturing Day
Tesla celebrates Manufacturing Day each year on the
first Friday of October to inspire young people to
explore careers in manufacturing. Students and
teachers are invited to Tesla factories across North
America to learn about our advanced manufacturing.
Leaders highlighted Tesla's mission and students got
the chance to experience the Tesla ecosystem through
factory tours and interactive trainings. In 2023, events
took place at Fremont Factory, Gigfactory Nevada,
Gigafactory New York, Gigafactory Texas and Tesla
Toronto Automation with over 200 participants from
middle and high schools, community colleges and
local nonprofits.
Robotics
Tesla's support for robotics programs serves as a
dynamic platform that fosters innovation and equips
students with essential STEM skills for the future.
Through robotics, students are empowered to work
together to explore creative ways to solve problems.
Tesla helps support schools through funding,
providing Tesla employees as in-classroom volunteers
and hosting events. We continue to invest in programs
in California, Nevada, New Mexico and Texas. In 2023,
Tesla hosted our first Robotics Scrimmage at Fremont
Factory for schools from Oakland, California.
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82
Creating Pathways to Career
Opportunities in Sustainable Energy
START (Manufacturing and Service) Manufacturing Development Program
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Creating Pathways to Career
Opportunities in Sustainable Energy
Our workforce development programming is crucial to
our success and to bringing in the best talent along the
way. It is essential for Tesla to create pathways to
cultivate the skills needed for the opportunities in the
sustainable energy economy, and we do this through a
variety of programs.
START (Manufacturing and Service)
Tesla START is an intensive training program that
equips individuals with the skills needed for a
successful technician role at Tesla. We partner with
colleges nationwide to integrate Tesla START into
automotive and manufacturing classroom locations. In
2023, Tesla donated advanced manufacturing
equipment and expanded START Manufacturing into
new campuses across California, Nevada and the U.K.
The first cohort achieved a 100% pass rate and now
operate on full-time contracts with Tesla.
Manufacturing Development Program
Our Manufacturing Development Program is designed
to provide graduating high school seniors with the
financial resources, coursework and experience they
need to start a successful manufacturing career at
Tesla. We hired 373 graduates through this program in
2023 with a goal of significant growth in 2024 across
our Fremont Factory, Gigafactory Nevada, Gigafactory
Texas and Gigafactory New York.
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83
Creating Pathways to Career
Opportunities in Sustainable
Energy (Cont'd)
Technician Trainee Program (Service) Apprenticeships Future Talent Program
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Creating Pathways to Career
Opportunities in Sustainable
Energy (Cont'd)
Technician Trainee Program (Service)
The Tesla Technician Trainee Program provides onthe-job automotive maintenance training at Tesla's
Service Centers. Targeted at individuals already in the
industry but with limited experience, the program
prepares trainees for employment as entry-level
service technicians or for advanced training with
Tesla's START program.
Apprenticeships
In the U.S., the Tesla Apprenticeship is a four-year
program combining academic and on-the-job training
that prepares specialists in skilled trades. In 2023, we
launched additional apprenticeships in partnership with
local government at Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg
with 240 apprenticeships combining theoretical study,
applied learning and on-the-job experience. At
Gigafactory Shanghai, a program focusing on
apprenticeship and educational opportunities engages
frontline workers to establish skills and continue their
technical knowledge building with a feeder exam and
program into Shanghai University of Electricity Power.
Between 2022 and 2023, the cohort enrollment grew
from 534 to 800 participants. We've also rolled out an
EV technician training curriculum with partnerships in
government and industry associations in Australia, New
Zealand, Korea and Hong Kong.
Future Talent Program
Piloted in the U.K. and Ireland, this traineeship pathway
is designed for early careers and career changes with a
fast track 12-month program to rotate around all Tesla
core Sales, Service and Delivery departments with
eight-week rotations. Each trainee is supported by a
rotational supervisor and a dedicated line manager.
During their final eight weeks, trainees select an
elective rotation that correlates with the department
they would like to pursue as a full-time position upon
graduation. Upon completion, we hired 76% of
graduates from the first cohort into full-time roles.
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84
Creating Pathways to Career
Opportunities in Sustainable
Energy (Cont'd)
Internships Military Fellowship Program Employee Education Assistance Program
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Creating Pathways to Career
Opportunities in Sustainable
Energy (Cont'd)
Internships
Our internship program is an important channel for
finding talented individuals who are passionate about
sustainable energy. When there is a business need, we
hire university and community college students from
around the world for internships across the U.S. We
provide our interns with the opportunity to engage in
meaningful work from day one, with the goal of offering
full-time positions when their internship is complete.
Military Fellowship Program
Tesla's Fellowship program, in partnership with the U.S.
Chamber of Commerce Foundation's Hire Our Heroes,
offers exiting military service members corporate
industry experience. The program aims to convert highperforming individuals to full-time roles and create a
veteran talent pipeline. In 2023, our Military Transition
Program in EMEA consulted with over 1,000 individuals
formerly in the service in Germany, U.K., Netherlands
and Belgium on potential careers in Tesla.
Employee Education Assistance Program
This year, we launched an Employee Education
Assistance Program-providing 70,000 employees in
the U.S. with tuition-free or partially funded access
to over 400 learning and skills training programs.
Focused on providing opportunities to our frontline
workforce, it includes virtual, self-paced education
options, enabling employees to pursue new
qualifications or expand their knowledge while
advancing their careers. 80°/o of eligible employees
work on the factory line or in the field.
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2.86 255,950,012 Workplace Injuries in 2022
Workplace Injuries in 2023 2.51 368,650,973
85
We center the safety and
engagement of our employees
The safety and health of our employees is a core value
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
We Center the Safety and
Engagement of Our Employees
The safety and health of our employees is a core value
Everyone across Tesla works to ensure a healthy and safe
workplace. We actively engage employees to identify risks
before incidents occur and base our programming on
three pillars: do the basics right, engage and empower
stakeholders and reduce risk. We take a systems-thinking
approach and focus on training, collaboration and direct
engagements with the people doing the work to build
our products.
We want to measure the most critical incidents. While we
still report and track OSHA metrics, we've continued to
utilize the international standard on American Society for
Testing and Materials 2920-19 (ASTM) to track and
manage safety incidents over time.
Workplace Injuries in 2023
ASTM 2920 Global Standard
Workplace Injuries in 2022
ASTM 2920 Global Standard
85
2.51 368,650,973
ASTM Rate Hours
2.86 255,950,012
ASTM Rate Hours

85/160

86
We listen to our employees
Impact Report 2023
46% 12% 11%
8% 5% 18%
Take Charge Take Charge
1,097,468 89,296
44 1579
91%
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
We Listen to Our Employees
We empower our employees to identify improvements.
Take Charge-our internal improvement suggestion
module-allows employees to submit improvements in
environment, health, safety, security, people and more.
Promoting a company-wide culture of improvement, Take
Charge is used across all departments and regions where
Tesla operates. Executive leaders have adopted and been
trained in Take Charge. Submissions can be made
anonymously and be owned at a cross-functional level.
Take Charge
Submissions {January 2021-January 2024)
1,097,468 89,296
Submissions Submitters
44 1579
Countries Locations
Take Charge works as a leading indicator for safety and
engages those closest to the work-as well as their
supervisors-to establish a process to address issues
proactively. Since its launch in 2021, we've seen a 30%
reduction in global injury rate. To ensure integration
across our operations, submissions are categorized into
Safety, People, Accuracy, Rates and Cost (SPARC):
Take Charge
Breakdown of Submissions by Category
Safety People
Rate Cost
Accuracy
(Quality)
Other
of our employees agreed they
knew how to report safety and
security events
86

86/160

Impact Report 2023 87
We Empower Our Employees
to Build the Safest Operations
We actively engage employees to identify risks before
incidents occur and base our programming on three pillars:
do the basics right, engage and empower stakeholders and
reduce risk. As we’ve increased employee engagement,
we’ve seen our work-related injury rate come down over the
same period.
While Our Global Work-Related
Injury Rate Is Decreasing
Safety Improvement Suggestions
by Employees Are Increasing
660,000 2.51
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
We Empower Our Employees
to Build the Safest Operations
We actively engage employees to identify risks before
incidents occur and base our programming on three pillars:
do the basics right, engage and empower stakeholders and
reduce risk. As we've increased employee engagement,
we've seen our work-related injury rate come down over the
same period.
•
2021
2022
2023
Safety Improvement Suggestions
by Employees Are Increasing
49,000
333,000
660,000
Industry Avg.
*The data is taken from companies participating
ORCHSE/NSC for 2022
•
While Our Global Work-Related
Injury Rate Is Decreasing (ASTM)
3.57
2.86
2.51
6.96*
87

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88
Human and Organizational Performance
(HOP) Principles shape our safety journey
24,195 6,500 56 1,512
50% 34 51 3,234
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Human and Organizational Performance
(HOP) Principles Shape Our Safety Journey
The HOP mission is to accelerate progress through
operational learning, increased capacity and systems
thinking. HOP enables Tesla to learn quickly and develop
robust systems that can tolerate errors and fail safely. It
prioritizes making it easy for workers to do the right thing.
We develop tools and programs to integrate HOP
principles into daily work.
In 2023, we rolled out the Essential Safeguards program, a
focused effort on fatality and serious injury prevention by
strengthening our preventative and mitigative safeguards.
24,195
people completed an
online HOP intro course
50%
increase in the
number of certified
HOP trainers
6,500
leaders and EHS&S
professionals learned
the HOP principles
34
new Learning Team
Facilitators trained across
the globe
88
56 1,512
Essential Safeguards leaders and EHS&S
identified to ensure the professionals learned the
safety of employees basics of Essential Safeguards
51 3,234
Learning Teams events where HOP
completed in 2023 principles were used
to learn

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89
The safety of our contractors is  
as important as our own employees
Workforce Management
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
The Safety of Our Contractors is
as Important as Our Own Employees
Our safety focus is not only for our employees but also
for those we contract with. To enhance visibility and
management of production operations with
contractors, we've deployed a global contractor
onboarding and management system called Workforce
Management. This enables coordination of work,
identification of critical impacts, assessments of risk
and communication of essential safeguards to elevate
the environmental, safety and health performance of
our onsite contractors and suppliers. We've integrated
the core HOP principles along with access to event
reporting tools including Take Charge.
We also developed a field verification inspection tool and
conduct regular inspections to confirm Pre-Work Risk
Assessments (PWRA) and Pre-Task Plans (PTP), mobile
equipment inspections and permits are completed prior to
each shift. In 2023, over 9,000 field verifications were
completed. We will continue to integrate this work
throughout our global factories and customize tools to fit
the needs of our Sales, Service and Delivery (SSD) and
Energy business channels.
Workforce Management
Pre-Work Risk Assessments
Pre- Task Plans
Mobile Equipment
Other Permits
0
89
86%
95%
92%
84%

89/160

90
We track employee
sentiment annually
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
We Track Employee
Sentiment Annually
In 2023, we continued to gather employee sentiment
around work, culture, the leadership team, job
satisfaction and career growth opportunities through our
Employee Engagement Survey. In the company-wide
engagement feedback, over 80% of respondents agreed
or strongly agreed that they are overall satisfied with
working at Tesla, there are clear pathways for growth
with feedback from management, they feel respected
and accepted by their team, they feel safe at work and
know how to report incidents, they are supported by their
manager, are satisfied with benefits at Tesla and they
know how to raise HR/People-related concerns.
We develop our leaders and their team management skills
throughout their time at Tesla by offering specific
leadership training, enhancing our performance
management tools and continuing to broaden employee
recognition. This helps us drive a culture of accountability,
collaboration and continuous improvement, which is
essential for organizational growth. Our teams are better
as a result, and over 80°/o of employees strongly agreed or
agreed that their manager helps their team succeed.
90

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91
We continue to invest in our
leaders’ development
Performance Management Engagement: Shout Outs
Impact Report 2023
Leadership: Growth and Development Training
s Leadership essentialv
s Driving developmenc
s Emotional intelligencei
s Growth mindseti
s Communication that counts i
s Feedbacki
s Leading through transitions
s Leading peers i
s Servant leadershipi
s Working with crossfunctional teams i
s Coaching i
s Recognition i
s Interviewing with intention
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
We Continue to Invest in Our
Leaders' Development
Leadership: Growth and Development Training
We launched an Upward Feedback program to
engage leadership across the company as part of
performance management and gauging employee
sentiment. Our programmatic approach to leadership
development includes a robust training series from
new leader onboarding fundamentals to continued
learning, which focuses on:
• Leadership essentials • Leading peers
• Driving development • Servant leadership
• Emotional intelligence • Working with cross-
• Growth mindset functional teams
• Communication that counts • Coaching
• Feedback • Recognition
• Leading through transitions • Interviewing with intention
Performance Management
Tesla's comprehensive performance management
framework is designed to enhance performance
evaluation, formal feedback, goal setting and support
mechanisms. It encompasses crucial components
such as personal and professional goal setting,
ongoing coaching, performance evaluation and a biannual review conversations. These elements align
employee development with organizational
objectives, resulting in heightened performance and
overall success. In 2023, Tesla saw:
• 1.5x increase in documented coaching
• 100% completion rate for bi-annual evaluation cycles
• 30,000+ goals developed between employees and
their manager, with 96% meeting their goals
Engagement: Shout Outs
Recognizing exceptional work is important. We've
continued to see tremendous growth in utilization of
our Shout Outs tool, with usage up 138% in 2023.
This enables employees to recognize the
achievements, contributions or impact of their
colleagues. Bringing this visibility to excellent work
gives direct feedback to employees and their
managers and enables leaders to see the impact their
teams are having. As part of this program, we also
highlight engagement in key programs such as safety
improvements or vehicle delivery volunteering and
track career milestones.
91

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92
We investigate concerns
and complaints
64% 3%
31% 2%
Impact Report 2023
Types of Concerns and Complaints
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
We Investigate Concerns
and Complaints
An employee can raise concerns or complaints to any
member of management, Human Resources (HR) or
Employee Relations (ER). If they prefer to report another
way, the Integrity Line is available 24 hours a day, seven
days a week and allows employees to report concerns
anonymously and without fear of retaliation. Concerns are
investigated promptly and impartially in a manner
appropriate to the circumstances. The ER team engages in
feedback loops with leaders and HR to provide guidance
on any appropriate follow-up actions, which range from
additional communication and training to corrective action
and discipline up to termination of employment.
In 2023, when asked through our company-wide
Employee Engagement Survey, 81% of employees strongly
agreed or agreed they know where to raise HR/People
related concerns or suggestions so that they can be
reviewed and addressed.
Types of Concerns and Complaints
Human Resources/
Employee Relations
Business Integrity
Environmental,
Health and Safety
Misuse of
Corporate Assets
92

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93
Process for investigating allegations
received through Integrity Line
Impact Report 2023
Allegation is
Reported to Hotline
Allegation is routed
to appropriate team
Allegation is
Investigated
Investigation Determines:
Substantiated or Unsubstantiated
Appropriate
Action is Taken
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Process for Investigating Allegations
Received Through Integrity Line
Allegation is
Reported To Hotline
Allegations can be
made anonymously
Allegation is Routed
to Appropriate Team
Compliance
Legal
lnfosec
HR/Employee Relations
EHS&S
Other
Allegation is
Investigated
Investigation Determines:
Substantiated or Unsubstantiated
Appropriate
Action Is Taken
Potential actions include:
• Employee training
• Process, policy or
program updates
• Disciplinary action, up to
and including termination
• Other appropriate actions
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94
we do not tolerate harassment
or discrimination
Impact Report 2023
Nearly 100% of Tesla employees completed
COBE training in 2023
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
We Do Not Tolerate Harassment
or Discrimination
Nearly 100% of Tesla employees completed
COBE training in 2023
Our policies are designed to promote fairness and
respect for everyone. We hire, evaluate and promote
employees based on their skills and performance. As we
grow, we continue to address challenges head on. From
day one in New Hire Orientation, employees learn about
Tesla's respectful workplace. As part of prevention, we
set clear expectations with annual Code of Business
Ethics and Anti-Harassment (COBE) trainings globally.
These trainings are not only included during the
onboarding process, but throughout duration of
employment with Tesla. Management regularly checks
completion rates and follows up to ensure each employee
completes all required trainings. In 2023, 97% of Tesla
employees completed COBE training.
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95
Innovation Through
Constructive Conflict
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Innovation Through
Constructive Conflict
At Tesla, our employees are passionate about making a
difference in the world and for each other. We remain
unwavering in our demand that our factories, offices,
sales locations and Service Centers are places where
our employees feel respected and appreciated.
Everyone is expected to be trustworthy, demonstrate
excellence in their performance and collaborate with
others. Innovation and excellence go hand in hand, and
we've created psychologically safe environments where
people are comfortable with raising new ideas in
constructive conflict. In 2023, 91% of employees agreed
that we treat each other with respect, even when we
have different points of view.
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96
Nearly Two-Thirds of Our
People Leaders Come From
Internal Promotions
Impact Report 2023
65%
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Nearly Two-Thirds of Our
People Leaders Come From
Internal Promotions
We offer internal career development to our employees
and the ability to make a meaningful contribution to a
sustainable future. As of the end of 2023, 65% of our
managers were promoted from an internal, non-manager
position and the average tenure of senior management
• was over nine years.
of managers come from
internal promotions
96

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Impact Report 2023 97
Our programs support
employee wellbeing holistically
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Our Programs Support
Employee Wellbeing Holistically
Our health programs promote employee wellbeing by
offering no-cost paycheck contributions for medical,
dental and vision plan options for employees and family
members-plus employer-paid life insurance, shortand long-term disability, confidential counseling for
employees and their families, employee assistance
programs and voluntary benefit programs. Employees
can also access student loan and debt consolidation
services, transportation subsidies and $0 cost
shuttles, backup childcare, discount programs and
tools and resources to support growing families. We
have student loan refinancing options, 401(k)
contribution matching and a benefits concierge service
for LGBTQ+ employees.
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98
We Offer Competitive Pay and Benefits
Family Services 16 Weeks of Paid
Family Leave
Rethink
SafetyNet Back-Up Care Employee Perks
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
We Offer Competitive Pay and Benefits
We continue to attract the best and brightest with our
competitive pay and benefits package. We offer
employees the opportunity to receive equity during their
employment and share in the success of Tesla. Shared
ownership of the company is one of the most essential
attributes of working at Tesla.
'--
Safety Net
Limited financial assistance for employees
experiencing temporary hardship
Rethink
Resources at no cost to tools and
resources for families including those with
developmental and learning challenges
• a
Back-Up Care
Five days of back-up daycare, tutoring
and distance learning assistance
16 Weeks of Paid
Family Leave
Employees spending time with their family
after the birth or adoption of a child
ft
• •
lit
Employee Perks
Preferred pricing on gym memberships,
financial services, childcare and travel
as well as savings on Tesla products
Family Services
Including fertility services, adoption
and third-party reproduction services
98

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99
Employee Stock Purchase
Plan (ESPP)
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Employee Stock Purchase
Plan (ESPP)
Our employees can purchase Tesla stock at a
discount through the ESPP. Enrollment in ESPP is
easy with an internal site, stock admin team and
support through the administrator. In 2023, we
increased efforts around education for how to use
this benefit. We want to ensure increased financial
health and literacy is something everyone at Tesla
can benefit from regardless of role or seniority.
99

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Impact Report 2023 100
Our Pay Equity Program
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Our Pay Equity Program
Our program is designed to assess whether similarly
situated employees are paid in a similar manner after
accounting for variables such as:
Geographic Zone
Tenure
Average Performance Score
Job Function
Management Level and Role
HR also offers a Pay Equity and Pay Transparency
educational course to everyone in the People
Organization, with a focus on HR partners and
recruiters. This course details what pay equity is,
why it is important, how unconscious bias affects
pay and hiring, best practices for hiring and
compensation and how each person can be an
effective partner in helping the company achieve
and maintain pay equity.
100

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Impact Report 2023 102
Maui Puerto Rico Mississippi
Florida Australia
Disaster Relief
Impact Report 2023 People & Community
Disaster Relief
We've been able to help communities around the world
to restore power during crises by deploying Mobile
Powerwall Units (MPUs):
Maui •
In Maui, Tesla supported wildfire relief efforts
with two direct zero-cost loans of MPUs. We also
provided technical support to NGO partners and
Certified Installers for the rapid build and
deployments to relief camps.
Florida •
After Hurricane Ida, Tesla deployed an MPU to
power a relief center.
Puerto Rico •
Tesla pre-positioned five MPUs with a partner
organization for crucial fire stations that support
operations for most of the year. We also provided
engineering support for custom mobile Powerwall
trailer designs.
Australia •
Tesla deployed two MPUs to community centers in
New South Wales after loss of power that resulted
from unprecedented flooding.
Mississippi •
Tesla deployed two MPUs after a tornado in
Mississippi to support disaster relief efforts
at a central health clinic.
102

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Supply Chain
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain 103
Supply Chain
Accelerating Sustainability
Through Our Sourcing
Supply Chain Decarbonization
Battery Recycling
Responsible Sourcing of Battery Materials
Responsible Sourcing of Other Priority Materials
Tools
103
107
110
113
127
131

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EV Supply Chains Present More
Opportunities for Positive Impact
than ICE Vehicle Supply Chains
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain 104
EV supply chains present more
opportunities or positive impact
than I E vehicle supply chains
EVs have clear benefits during the use-phase; however,
some critics say they rely disproportionately on raw material
extraction and as a result have a higher environmental
impact up front. In reality, the unique raw materials,
manufacturing processes and structure of our supply chain
aims to maximize positive environmental and social impact.
104

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105
Tesla EV Supply Chain
We leverage our market power to make mining and refining better  

We source the critical minerals needed for our products directly from mines, refiners and smelters. This allows for increased leverage to
make mining and processing a better, less GHG-intensive industry with greater traceability. In 2023, we completed more audits in this part
of the supply chain than ever before. We made improvements in GHG emissions, water and air quality, mine closure, mine waste, biodiversity
and community and civil society engagement, including in Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
We are set up for supplier-specific decarbonization 

Bolstered by our direct relationships with suppliers far up the supply chain, in 2023, we collected more primary and precise GHG
data from suppliers in prior years, setting the stage for supplier-specific decarbonization.
We optimize the recyclability of battery inputs 

EV battery inputs are highly recyclable. In 2023, at our in-house recycling facilities, Tesla processed enough recovered material for 9,000+
Model Y RWD vehicles. This will continue to massively scale as batteries begin to return to us in meaningful quantities over the next decade.
We innovate through vertical integration

Our vertical integration enables new innovations that are better for people and the planet. For example, at our lithium refinery in Texas,
we replaced toxic materials with a reusable compound.
We’ll need less mining for a fully sustainable energy future

As demonstrated in Tesla’s Master Plan Part 3, a fully sustainable energy future, including producing the number of EVs needed for it,
will require less mining than one based on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels currently account for 15.5Gt of material extracted from the earth each
year.* In a sustainable energy economy, material extraction will decrease by 10.8Gt—with most fossil fuel extraction being replaced by
3.3Gt of renewable material extraction. Over time, this will further decrease as recycling becomes more prevalent.

*Based on data from the Circularity Gap Report
Impact Report 2023
ICE Supply Chain
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
0 ICE Supply Chain
Typically lacks control and transparency
in the upstream supply chain
Typically relies on secondary GHG data
estimates
Relies on single-use fossil fuels
Typically focuses on manufacturing
Needs more raw material extraction
than a sustainable energy economy
0 Tesla EV Supply Chain
We leverage our market power to make mining and refining better
We source the critical minerals needed for our products directly from mines, refiners and smelters. This allows for increased leverage to
make mining and processing a better, less GHG-intensive industry with greater traceability. In 2023, we completed more audits in this part
of the supply chain than ever before. We made improvements in GHG emissions, water and air quality, mine closure, mine waste, biodiversity
and community and civil society engagement, including in Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
We are set up for supplier-specific decarbonization
Bolstered by our direct relationships with suppliers far up the supply chain, in 2023, we collected more primary and precise GHG
data from suppliers in prior years, setting the stage for supplier-specific decarbonization.
We optimize the recyclability of battery inputs
EV battery inputs are highly recyclable. In 2023, at our in-house recycling facilities, Tesla processed enough recovered material for 9,000+
Model Y RWD vehicles. This will continue to massively scale as batteries begin to return to us in meaningful quantities over the next decade.
We innovate through vertical integration
Our vertical integration enables new innovations that are better for people and the planet. For example, at our lithium refinery in Texas,
we replaced toxic materials with a reusable compound.
We'll need less mining for a fully sustainable energy future
As demonstrated in Tesla's Master Plan Part 3, a fully sustainable energy future, including producing the number of EVs needed for it,
will require less mining than one based on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels currently account for 15.5Gt of material extracted from the earth each
year.* In a sustainable energy economy, material extraction will decrease by 10.8Gt-with most fossil fuel extraction being replaced by
3.3Gt of renewable material extraction. Over time, this will further decrease as recycling becomes more prevalent.
*Based on data from the Circularity Gap Report
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106
Priority Engagement Areas
and Materials
Impact Report 2023
Priority Engagement Areas
Priority Raw Materials
Ferrous Metals
(Steel & Iron)
Lithium, Nickel, Cobalt Aluminum
Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten,
and Gold (3TG)
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Priority Engagement Areas
and Materials
Our efforts are guided by our commitments and the
supplier expectations included in our Responsible
Sourcing Policy, Global Human Rights Policy, Supplier
Code of Conduct and international frameworks like the
OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, OECD
Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business
Conduct, OECD Due Diligence Guidance for
Responsible Minerals, the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights and the United Nations Guiding Principles
on Business and Human Rights.
Additional information on our responsible sourcing efforts can
be found in our Modern Slavery Statement and Conflict
Minerals Report.
We identified several priority raw materials and
engagement areas for our responsible sourcing efforts
using business criteria (demand, criticality) and
potential adverse impacts:
Priority Engagement Areas
Combatting forced labor
Decarbonization
Improving water quality
Preventing child labor
Protecting forests and biodiversity
Protecting human rights
Priority Raw Materials
Lithium, Nickel, Cobalt
Batteries, particularly
in the cathode
Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten,
and Gold (3TG)
Various electronic components
within the vehicle, such as sensors,
circuitry and connectors.
106
Aluminum
Body structure, chassis, some
components of the battery system
Ferrous Metals
(Steel & Iron)
Frame, body panels
and motor casings.

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345
107
More Primary Data Than
Ever to Inform Supply Chain
Decarbonization
Impact Report 2023
In 2023: Tesla Commodity Supply Chain Emissions
Batteries
Aluminum
Steel
Glass
Logistics
Capex
Other
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
More Primary Data Than
Ever to Inform Supply Chain
Decarbonization
We1re working to accelerate the world's transition to
sustainable energy not only through our products and
operations, but also through our supply chain. To
get there, we need accurate emissions data.
Historically, emissions have been underestimated due
to limited data and generalized methodologies. That's
why we prioritize gathering high-quality and primary
data directly from our suppliers.
See page 147 for a full disclosure of our Scope 3 GHG
emissions, including supply chain.
In 2023:
345
•
GHG datapoints were collected directly
from our suppliers through our GHG
survey or LCAs disclosed by suppliers
We used a process-based model for
steel and aluminum for the first time
We moved to more regionally
representative numbers
We collected significantly more
primary data for the battery
calculations
Tesla Commodity Supply Chain Emissions
Logistics
1.27%
Other
46.33%
Capex
10.19%
Batteries
23.26%
Aluminum
11.45%
~ Steel
~r 6.48%
Glass
1.03%
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108
In the Battery Supply Chain:
Reducing Emissions Through
Supplier Engagement
Impact Report 2023
In 2023:
35
18
9
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
In the Battery Supply Chain:
Reducing Emissions Through
Supplier Engagement
In 2021 and 2022, we were the first downstream
company to disclose an analysis of carbon emissions
hotspots methodology in our battery supply chain using
LCA methodology. This enables us to address critical
areas within our supply chain more effectively.
Tesla requests all suppliers in the battery supply chain
to provide annual GHG emissions footprints, either
through our GHG Survey, an ISO-certified facility
footprint or an ISO-certified and third-party reviewed
LCA. We also provided supplier-facing guidelines for
Life Cycle Inventory Analysis (LCIA). In 2023, we also
began requiring suppliers to provide GHG reduction
plans and progress updates, with science-aligned
reduction targets set at the cell, cathode, and refining/
smelting levels.
In addition to getting primary data from suppliers, we
create process-specific estimates of remaining
emissions data. These were identified as hotspots
through prior analyses.
In 2024, Tesla will work closely with suppliers to develop
GHG reduction targets and roadmaps.
Based on the supplier data we will continue to collect,
we aim to work with suppliers to develop site-specific
decarbonization plans, while designing and sourcing for
low-impact cells and increasing the share of recycled
material. This will be guided by an overall reduction
target for the battery supply chain as well as sciencealigned targets set by suppliers.
In 2023:
35
18
9
suppliers disclosed facility GHG data
suppliers disclosed product LCAs
suppliers set science-aligned
GHG reduction targets
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109
Building on the World’s First
Battery Passport
Impact Report 2023
Cybertruck 4680
RSTE2291345831 
Battery Passport ID
Number of Cells Per Battery
1344
Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM)
Battery capacity relative to when it was new
Technical Details
123 kWh
721 kg
800 V DC
.17 kWh/kg
Total Energy
Battery Weight
Voltage
Energy Density
GHG Footprint (Status of
Data Collection) % of GHG
Data or Count
Vehicle MFG Location
Austin, TX
United States
Austin. TX
United States
Cathode Chemistry More
Material Traceability
Countries of Origin for 
Battery Minerals
Lithium 33%
Cobalt 100%
Nickel 88%
% of Mines, Refiners and
Smelters Audited
Of Direct or Count
NCM(4680)
Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese
1
Lithium
24
GHG
Datapoints
13
LCA’s
9
Reduction
Targes
5
Cobalt
3
Nickel
Canada
Argentina
Australia
DRC
Indonesia
New Caledonia
Cathode and anode active material
traced to raw material source
Total Number of Audits 
Per Material
More
More
More More
More
More
More

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110
We Optimize the Recyclability
of Battery Materials In-House
Impact Report 2023
Collection
Processing
Reincorporation
Tesla recycling facility in Austin, Texas
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
We Optimize the Recyclability
of Battery Materials In-House
While ICE vehicles rely on single-use fossil fuels,
recovered battery inputs like nickel, cobalt, copper and
lithium can be reused for new products. As a leading
global manufacturer of EVs and energy products, we are
well positioned to safely recover our products and
efficiently reclaim battery metals to replace a substantial
share of primary mined materials in our batteries with
recycled content.
We recycle battery materials using the methods described
on the right.
e Collection
We typically only know that our products are no longer operational if a customer
alerts us. To enhance our collection of end-of-life products for recycling, we
expanded the Tesla Operating System to include recovery of end-of-life
vehicles and battery packs and continued to track 100% of manufacturing scrap
generated at each of our production facilities.
e Processing
We continued to invest in and scale our efforts to process recovered
materials at Gigafactory Nevada, and our remanufacturing facilities in
California and at Gigafactory New York. In addition, we also provide material
to third-party recyclers.
Q Reincorporation
Once the battery materials have been extracted from end-of-life products and
refined into battery-quality raw materials, we then reincorporate them into
new products.
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111
Battery Recycling: 
2023 Key Achievements
Impact Report 2023
2,431
2023 Grand Total Recovered (mt)
117 860 329
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Battery Recycling:
2023 Key Achievements
2023 Grand Total Recovered (mt)
2,4
Nickel
For more information about our operational
decarbonization strategy, see pages 36-45 and 50.
117
Cobalt
111
860 329
Copper Lithium

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Battery Recycling: 
Key 2023 Achievements
Impact Report 2023
Wet shredded cell material at Tesla's
Gigafactory Nevada
500+MT
>90%
650MWh
3GWh
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Battery Recycling:
Key 2023 Achievements
5Q0+MT
650MWh
3GWh
of materials recovered from returned
or end-of-life products and
manufacturing scrap are recycled
per month battery recycling
throughput at Gigafactory Nevada
in Q4
of battery materials processed at
our battery shredding facility,
which is enough for 9,000+
Model Y RWD vehicles
of battery materials sent to our
recycling partners, which is enough
for 43,000+ Model Y RWD vehicles
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Combatting Forced Labor
in Our Supply Chain
Impact Report 2023
Our Process:
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Combatting Forced Labor
in Our Supply Chain
Forced labor is a complex issue that affects supply chains
in all industries and regions and requires both global and
targeted local responses. In 2023, we committed more
human and legal resources to combat forced labor risk in
our supply chain. Our efforts are informed by International
Labor Organization (ILO) guidance, including principles to
cease harm and provide remedy, and regulatory
frameworks relevant to our global operations.
Our Process:
CD Require suppliers to acknowledge our Supplier
Code of Conduct at onboarding, which includes
forced labor provisions, and make commitments
to avoid forced labor in supplier contracts
Prioritize mapping high-risk supply chains to
raw materials
0
Screen our partners using a combination of
resources, including reputable third-party tools and
experts, including legal advisors
Conduct audits that assess the following indicators:
• Supplier sites where working hours exceed the
60-hour weekly threshold
• Share of foreign migrant workers
• Supplier sites with dispatch/contract workers
• Worker accommodation
• Use of third-party labor agencies
• Evidence of working hours document
falsification, passport withholding, withheld
wages, recruitment fees and inhumane
treatment
Incorporation of NGO and other stakeholder
reports (including feedback) to assess risk and
inform business decisions
®
113
Where violations are identified, work with suppliers
to review root causes, approve plans to improve and
remediate issues and monitor evidence of
improvement and worker engagement. We may
pause sourcing from a supplier until identified
issues are remediated or transition away from a
relationship when a violation is not resolved

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Combatting Forced Labor
in Our Supply Chain:

2023 Key Achievements
Impact Report 2023
13,018
5,400
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Combatting Forced Labor
in Our Supply Chain:
2023 Key Achievements
•
13,018
5,400
suppliers screened using industry
leading third-party tools
workers reimbursed over $150,000
after we identified instances where
workers were charged recruitment
or other fees for employment
• 984 supplier facilities surveyed on ILO forced labor
indicators through Tesla's Self-Assessment
Questionnaire
• 156 suppliers completed audits (covering indicators
listed on prior page), including 3,645 worker interviews
• 96% of audited suppliers demonstrate effective
grievance mechanisms with the remainder working on
corrective actions
• Launched ability to restrict purchasing on our supply
chain management portal if potential risks are
identified and not mitigated
• Over 1,000 staff covered in monthly trainings for entire
procurement team on how to identify potential forced
labor risks when visiting suppliers and a December
Human Rights Day training-honoring the 75th
anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights-on how Tesla's mission is linked to human
rights in the supply chain. Requested suppliers to
complete similar trainings for their staff
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Combatting Forced Labor
in Our Supply Chain:

2023 Case Studies
Impact Report 2023
Interiors Battery
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Combatting Forced Labor
in Our Supply Chain:
2023 Case Studies
Tesla actively combats forced labor in our supply chain
to address risks and remedy any potential harm. The
following cases highlight the importance of continually
engaging and collaborating with suppliers to foster a
culture of accountability:
0 Interiors
We became aware of a potential violation of our
Supplier Code of Conduct in our interiors supply chain
related to recruitment practices of a labor broker. We
quickly commissioned and participated in-person in
two independent audits, and, upon confirmation of the
risk, the supplier terminated the relationship with its
labor broker, while giving contract workers the option
to continue working for the supplier under new
management. For mitigating future risks, our supplier
established new due diligence processes for
contracting partners and upstream suppliers,
reimbursed all identified recruitment-related health
exam fees to workers, established processes to
eliminate fees paid by workers in future recruitment
paths and created a new sustainability function with
dedicated staff.
0 Battery
In 2023, we conducted detailed chain of custody pilot
exercises to verify material traceability for high-risk
inputs from battery cell to mine site. We worked handin-hand with cross-functional supplier teams to
ensure management systems and documentation logs
were updated to meet regulatory requirements. As a
result of our engagement, suppliers increased material
traceability and are strengthening their documentation
processes to improve chain of custody.
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Combatting Forced Labor
in Our Supply Chain:

2023 Case Studies
Impact Report 2023
Interiors Accessories Aluminum
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Combatting Forced Labor
in Our Supply Chain:
2023 Case Studies
• Interiors Accessories
During a supplier's first audit, worker interviews crosschecked against the supplier's records confirmed that
workers paid fees to obtain employment, faced
involuntary wage deductions and were unable to access
passports held by the employer-all of which are
violations of Tesla's Supplier Code of Conduct. Tesla
worked with the supplier to formulate a comprehensive
corrective action plan covering immediate and longterm actions, resulting in the immediate return of all 10
workers' passports to enable freedom of movement, a
company-wide investigation to understand root causes
of fees paid by workers, fee repayment, an end to
involuntary wage deduction and management and
employee trainings. The case highlighted the
importance of continually engaging and collaborating
with suppliers to foster a culture of accountability.
0 Aluminum
We continue to comprehensively map our aluminum
supply chain in more detail-with thorough coverage of
all manufacturers, traders, transportation providers
and other key entities-and completed chain of
custody exercises to work toward full material
traceability. For example, in one supply line, we were
able to map completely upstream and determine that
two mines in that supply chain are certified by the
Aluminum Stewardship Initiative (ASI) Certification
Performance Standard, which includes criteria on
forced labor, with one mine also certified by the ASI
Chain of Custody Standard, which evaluates a
supplier's traceability management systemsultimately enabling the assessment of forced labor risk
in the most upstream part of this supply chain.
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117
New Levels of Transparency
for Child Labor-Free Cobalt
Impact Report 2023
At large-scale mines:
Screenshot from satellite monitoring system launched
in collaboration with Tesla supplier Glencore
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
New Levels of Transparency
for Child Labor-Free Cobalt
At large-scale mines:
To build our batteries, we use several different
cathode chemistries. Our nickel-based cathodes
(NMC and NCA) contain cobalt, but others, like our
iron-based cathodes (LFP), do not. While our nickelbased cathodes will continue to need cobalt, they
contain less cobalt than similar cathode chemistries in
the industry, and we are increasing our use of cobaltfree iron-based batteries, particularly for energy
storage and standard range products.
By mapping our supply chain, we know where our
cobalt comes from-and we only purchase cobalt from
large-scale mines. Our direct suppliers undergo thirdparty audits to ensure no child labor happens at these
mines and no material from unauthorized sources
enters our supply chain. Four audits were conducted
in 2023* and found no instances of child labor at our
direct suppliers' sites. Our suppliers took action on all
the social performance findings of the audits and
either completed the corrective action plan or have a
detailed plan in progress.
In addition, we worked with our supplier Glencore to
launch a publicly available satellite monitoring system of
its Kamoto Copper Company (KCC) operation located in
the DRC. High-resolution images are updated monthly
and allow for anyone to see what the operations look like
down to 0.5 meters of resolution, thus providing a good
picture of what is happening at the mine. Users can also
compare these images with images of artisanal
operations, which are typically at higher risk of child labor,
to identify differences in production methods. This is the
first time this level of transparency was achieved as a
result of a collaboration between supplier and customer in
the battery minerals supply chain.
*Including against the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM)
Performance Expectations and the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI)
Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (RMAP). Both include
provisions on child labor.
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New Levels of Transparency
for Child Labor-Free Cobalt
Impact Report 2023
In artisanal mining communities:
In 2023, the FCA accomplished the following:
5,206
18
21
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
New Levels of Transparency
for Child Labor-Free Cobalt
In artisanal mining communities:
While all of Tesla's sources are industrial mines, we
continue to co-fund the Fair Cobalt Alliance (FCA)
working with artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM)
communities in the DRC. We remain committed to
staying engaged in the DRC to improve conditions for
stakeholders impacted by cobalt mining.
In 2023, the FCA accomplished the following:
18
21
5,206
children who were found working in
ASM enrolled in a comprehensive
remediation program that includes reintegration to education, living stipends,
and health and psycho-social support
local community savings and
loans groups deployed
artisanal miners trained on
safety standards
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Cobalt: Risk Identification
and Mitigation Summary
Impact Report 2023
>55%
Risk Identification
M 11 cobalt suppliers
M 100% of our direct cobalt suppliers
M 3 cobalt suppliers
M
completed an audit against a
Tesla-preferred international standard covering
environmental and social risk_
(mines and
refiners) completed an audid
completed an LCl
Regular engagement with NGOs
Examples of Risk Mitigation Actions Completed
by Suppliers
Direct Supplier Status
Supplier Tier Locations Audit Status* LCA Status
Complete In Progress No Commitment
Tesla staff during a visit to an industrial cobalt
mine and processing site in the DRC in late 2023
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Cobalt: Risk Identification
and Mitigation Summary
of cobalt sourced directly
from mines and refiners
in 2023
For materials that we do not direct source, we apply the same
supply chain mapping and due diligence requirements.
Risk Identification
• 11 cobalt suppliers completed an audit against a
Tesla-preferred international standard covering
environmental and social risks
• 100% of our direct cobalt suppliers (mines and
refiners) completed an audit
• 3 cobalt suppliers completed an LCA
• Regular engagement with NGOs
Examples of Risk Mitigation Actions Completed
by Suppliers
• Developed air quality management and water
quality management plans
• Conducted a comprehensive third-party human
rights risk assessment
• Developed a closure plan that meets international
requirements
• Developed a procedure to gather, review and
respond to community requests
• Assessed grievance mechanisms against
expectations laid out in the United Nations Guiding
Principles for Business and Human Rights
Direct Supplier Status
• Complete • In Progress Commitment • No Commitment
Supplier Tier
Kamoto Copper Mine Company (Glencore)
Mutanda Mining Mine (Glencore)
Huayou Refiner
CNGR Refiner
Locations
DR Congo
DR Congo
China
China
Audit Status*
• (1) (2)
e (1) (2)
• (2}
(2}
•
LCA Status
•
•
•
•
(1) International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) Performance Expectations; (2)
Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (RMAP)
Committed = written commitment to complete an asset-specific, 3rd party verified LCA within
the calendar year. Completed= 3rd party verified LCA published within the past 2 years.
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Nickel: Reducing the Environmental
and Social Impacts in Indonesia
Impact Report 2023
Tesla staff during visit to nickel mines and
smelters in Indonesia in 2023
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Nickel: Reducing the Environmental
and Social Impacts in Indonesia
In 2023, 13% of Tesla's nickel came from Indonesia. We
understand that Indonesian production is scaling
significantly and the share of Indonesian nickel in global
EV supply chains will increase. The transition to EVs will
not be possible by only relying on non-Indonesian nickel.
Key risks in this context relate to GHG emissions,
deforestation, water pollution, indigenous and community
rights and worker health and safety in the country. We
invested significant resources to address these head-on
with our suppliers, NGOs and the Indonesian and U.S.
governments. In December 2023, a Tesla delegation
focused on environmental and social impact visited mines,
smelters and industrial parks in Indonesia and met with
government stakeholders (this is the second Tesla visit
focusing on these topics after a first visit in 2022).
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Nickel: Reducing the Environmental
and Social Impacts in Indonesia
Impact Report 2023
GHG Emissions
Environmental Protection
Indigenous Rights
Traceability
Audits
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Nickel: Reducing the Environmental
and Social Impacts in Indonesia
GHG Emissions
• Requested and received four facility and
production specific LCAs and GHG footprints,
covering mines and smelters, with more expected
in 2024
• Asked suppliers to set decarbonization targets
and move away from captive coal
• Pursuing lower-carbon processing options like
High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) (as opposed
to higher-emitting pyrometallurgical processes)
Environmental Protection
• Engaged with NGOs, government and suppliers to
promote safer mine waste practices such as dry
stack tailings; we have a zero tolerance for tailings
disposal into oceans
Indigenous Rights
• Engaged with NGOs, government and suppliers to
explore the need for the establishment of a no-go
zone for mining to protect indigenous and human
rights, particularly those of uncontacted
communities, in addition to supplier engagement
to reinforce our commitment to protect the right
of Indigenous People to grant or withhold Free,
Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Traceability
• One supplier built a pipeline for full traceability of
nickel ore directly from a mine to a smelter
Audits
• Three identified mine sites were audited against
international mining standards, with three smelters
scheduled to undergo the Responsible Minerals
Initiative (RMl)'s Responsible Minerals Assurance
Process (RMAP) in early 2024; Tesla's expectation
is that all Indonesian suppliers are audited to
international standards
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Nickel: Risk Identification
and Mitigation Summary
Impact Report 2023
Risk Identification
L 18 nickel suppliers
L 70% of our direct nickel suppliers
L 5 nickel suppliers or facilities
L
completed an audit against a
Tesla-preferred international standard covering
environmental and social risks a
(mines and
refiners) completed an audita
completed or
scheduled an LCAa
NGO engagement
>50%
Examples of Risk Mitigation Actions Completed
by Suppliers
Industry Groups
Direct Supplier Status
Supplier Tier Locations Audit Status* LCA Status
Complete In Progress No Commitment
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Nickel: Risk Identification
and Mitigation Summary
>50% of nickel sourced directly
from mines and refiners
in 2023
For materials that we do not direct source, we apply the same
supply chain mapping and due diligence requirements.
Risk Identification
• 18 nickel suppliers completed an audit against a
Tesla-preferred international standard covering
environmental and social risks
• 70% of our direct nickel suppliers (mines and
refiners) completed an audit
• 5 nickel suppliers or facilities completed or
scheduled an LCA
• NGO engagement
Examples of Risk Mitigation Actions Completed
by Suppliers
• Established detailed stakeholder mapping
(communities of interest identification under some
frameworks)
• Published robust human rights policies and
supplier code of conduct
• Invested considerable resources to improving
tailings storage facilities to bring them into
conformance with international standards
• Evaluated dewatering tailings storage to reduce
water withdrawals
Industry Groups
• Tesla chairs the Nickel Working Group in the
Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI)
122
Direct Supplier Status
• Complete • In Progress Commitment • No Commitment
Supplier Tier Locations Audit Status* LCA Status
Sudbury (Vale) Mine + Refiner Canada • (3)
•
Prony Mine New Caledonia • (4)
Resources •
Nickel West Mine Australia • (1)
• (BHP}
Murrin Murrin
(Glencore)
Mine Australia •
(2)
•
China (2)
CNGR Refiner • • (2) Refiner Indonesia •
(2) Refiner China Huayou • • (2) Refiner Indonesia •
(1) International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM} Performance Expectations; (2) Responsible
Minerals Initiative (RMI) Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (RMAP); (3) Towards
Sustainable Mining (TSM); (4) International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standard
Committed = written commitment to complete an asset-specific, 3rd party verified LCA within the
calendar year. Completed = 3rd party verified LCA published within the past 2 years.

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Innovations in Lithium Sourcing
Impact Report 2023
Plant Design
Community Engagement
Tesla's lithium refinery in Corpus Christi, Texas,
currently under construction
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Innovations in Lithium Sourcing
Lithium is a critical input to all our batteries and
another priority for responsible sourcing. Our supply
chain team works closely with our own lithium
refinery in Corpus Christi, Texas:
Plant Design
• Use of low-toxicity industrial reagents instead of
sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, generating a
byproduct that can be used in construction
materials, instead of a hazardous byproduct with
residual acid that must be disposed of
• Alkaline reagent leach process uses -35% less
natural gas compared to the traditional processes
• Additional energy optimization and heat integration
reduces the plant heating load by >14 MW
Community Engagement
• Active engagement with regional educational and
workforce development institutions in advisory
board capacities to inform and equip the local
labor market to meet the demands of
technologically intensive industries
• Investments in municipal improvements and close
partnerships with the regional economic
development corporation to seed further
economic development and growth in the region
For more information on our circular solutions programming
within our own operations, please see page 50.
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Across Our Lithium Supply Chain
Impact Report 2023
5
Tesla staff during a visit to a lithium processing
facility in Australia in 2023
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Across Our Lithium Supply Chain
In 2023, our responsible sourcing teams participated in
on-site visits with current and prospective Lithium
suppliers in Chile and Australia. These visits helped the
team better understand suppliers' current
environmental and human rights practices, as well as
decarbonization roadmaps.
Two of our direct lithium suppliers also completed or
are in the process of completing an independent thirdparty audit against the Initiative for Responsible Mining
Assurance (IRMA) Standard, Tesla's preferred mining
standard. IRMA is a multi-stakeholder led organization
with the most comprehensive mining certification
system and transparent reporting of results available.
Its focus on continuous improvement allows suppliers
to improve their results over time. Tesla has been an
IRMA member since late 2021. Our goal is to encourage
the uptake of IRMA across our supply chain.
5 mines completed or committed to
date to an IRMA audit across our
lithium, nickel and graphite
supply chains
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Lithium: Risk Identification Summary
Impact Report 2023
>75%
Risk Identification
L 100% of our direct lithium suppliers
L 4 lithium suppliers
L
(mines and
refiners) completed or committed to an audit
against a Tesla-preferred international standard
covering environmental and social risks a
completed an LCAa
Reviewed NGO reports
Tesla staff during a visit to a lithium processing
facility in Australia in 2023
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Lithium: Risk Identification Summary
of lithium sourced directly
from mines and refiners
in 2023
For materials that we do not direct source, we apply the same
supply chain mapping and due diligence requirements.
Risk Identification
• 100% of our direct lithium suppliers (mines and
refiners) completed or committed to an audit
against a Tesla-preferred international standard
covering environmental and social risks
• 4 lithium suppliers completed an LCA
• Reviewed NGO reports
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Lithium: Risk Mitigation Summary
Impact Report 2023
Examples of Risk Mitigation Actions Completed by
Suppliers as a Result of an IRMA Audit
Examples of Risk Mitigation Actions Completed
by Suppliers
Industry Groups
Direct Supplier Status
Supplier Tier Locations Audit Status* LCA Status
Complete In Progress Commitment No Commitment
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Lithium: Risk Mitigation Summary
Examples of Risk Mitigation Actions Completed
by Suppliers
• Established effective engagement with local
indigenous groups and responded to allegations of
lack of FPIC regarding their operations
• Tesla provided technical feedback and comment to
supplier's decarbonization plan and LCA roadmap
• Thorough limnological study completed by group
of experts to evaluate local aquatic ecosystems,
including biological, chemical and physical
properties
• Considering options to install solar energy on top
of old tailings storage facilities
Examples of Risk Mitigation Actions Completed by
Suppliers as a Result of an IRMA Audit
• Suppliers substantially or fully met all critical
requirements
• Suppliers currently closing gaps identified during
audits, including: (1)Develop a differential approach
for engaging with women and children, (2)Establish
a process for a community grievance mechanism
and monitor trends, (3) Establish a target for hiring
local residents and (4)0perationalize a biodiversity
management plan
Industry Groups
Tesla chairs the Lithium Working Group in the
Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI)
Direct Supplier Status
• Complete • In Progress Commitment • No Commitment
Supplier
Albemarle
Arcadium
Ganfeng
Yahua
Tier
Mine
Mine
Refinery
Refinery
Mine
Refinery
Refinery
Refinery
Refinery
Locations
Chile
Australia
Chile
China
Argentina
China
USA
China
China
Audit Status*
• (5)
(5)
(2) (6)
(2) (6)
(5)
• (2) (6)
(2) (6)
(2) (6)
e (2) (6)
LCA Status
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(2) Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (RMAP); (5)
Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance (IRMA) Standard; (6) Responsible Minerals Initiative
(RMI) ESG Standard
126
Committed = written commitment to complete an asset-specific, 3rd party verified LCA within the
calendar year.
Completed = 3rd party verified LCA published within the past 2 years.

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127
Aluminum: Pushing for the Industry to
Respect Rights and Lower Emissions
Impact Report 2023
Direct Sourcing and Supply Chain Mapping
Confirmed Upstream Supplier Locations
Other Risk Mitigation Efforts
Certification
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Aluminum: Pushing for the Industry to
Respect Rights and Lower Emissions
We prioritize aluminum because of the high prevalence
of human rights and environmental impacts across the
aluminum supply chain-including bauxite mining and
the carbon emissions linked to aluminum refining and
smelting. We buy aluminum in the form of sheet, ingot,
castings, extrusions, forgings and foil. It shows up in
many systems in the car-from Tesla's body
Gigacastings to the batteries. Most of our aluminum is
alloyed - meaning it is mixed with other elements to
optimize engineering properties. The rising total
demand for aluminum means that increased recycling
is not enough to reach a truly sustainable aluminum
sector. Therefore, we engage with producers of both
recycled and primary material.
Direct Sourcing and Supply Chain Mapping
We source much of the aluminum used in our vehicles
directly from smelters/secondary aluminum producers
-sending the material to Tesla plants or to our Tier 1
suppliers. This, combined with our efforts of mapping
upstream material sources where we don't directly
source the raw material, enables increased visibility
and ability to conduct due diligence.
8 In 2024, Tesla committed to the ASI for
our aluminum foundry in Lathrop, CA
Certification
As a pre-requisite for being awarded new business,
Tesla continues to ask its suppliers to certify to the
Aluminium Stewardship Initiative's (ASI) Performance
Standard. As of the first quarter of 2024, 92% of
Cybertruck aluminum suppliers are certified or
working towards this certification. Over 80% of all
aluminum Tier 1 suppliers are similarly certified or
working towards this certification.
ASI is one of the key industry organizations developing
credible decarbonization roadmaps for the aluminum
industry. We appreciate that no certification replaces
due diligence. We continue to work with ASI,
suppliers, and stakeholders to address and reduce
risks in our aluminum supply chain in recognition of its
outsized impact.
Confirmed Upstream Supplier Locations
• Bauxite Mining: Australia, China, Guinea, Iceland,
Indonesia, Solomon Islands*
• Smelting: Australia, Canada, China, Germany,
Norway, Malaysia, UAE, U.S.
*The purchase of bauxite from the Solomon Islands occurred before 2020.
We include it in this list for transparency, but our strategy is to not further
procure bauxite from the Solomon Islands.
Other Risk Mitigation Efforts
In 2023, we directly engaged key mid-tier, directsourced smelters, including visits of senior leadership
representatives to two of the world's largest smelters,
during which we evaluated the decarbonization
roadmaps of all smelters in our European supply base
and aligned on strategies to decarbonize. Tesla also
participated in a data pilot as part of RMl's Horizon
Zero working group on aluminum which focused on
capturing embedded emissions data for aluminum,
automating data transfer processes of environmental
data, and capturing additional pertinent data such as
percentage of post-industrial and post-consumer
scrap percentages.
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Ferrous Metals (Steel and Iron):  
Risk Identification and Mitigation Summary
Impact Report 2023
Direct Sourcing and Supply Chain Mapping Other Risk Mitigation Efforts
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Ferrous Metals (Steel and Iron):
Risk Identification and Mitigation Summary
We prioritize identifying and addressing risks in our
ferrous materials supply chain because of the high
prevalence of environmental impacts across the steel and
iron supply chains-steel is a significant factor of Tesla's
supply chain GHG emissions. We buy ferrous materials in
the form of sheet, castings and forgings. Steel is a
primary component of many systems of the car, but
shows up prominently in the body, chassis and powertrain
of the vehicle as well as the structure of our energy
products. Most of our ferrous materials are alloyedmeaning iron is mixed with other elements to optimize
engineering properties. The rising total demand for iron
and steel means that increased recycling is not enough
for a truly sustainable steel sector. Therefore, we engage
with producers of both recycled and primary material.
Direct Sourcing and Supply Chain Mapping
• We source much of the steel used in our vehicles
directly from mills-sending the material to Tesla
plants or to our Tier 1 suppliers. This direct sourcing
strategy, combined with our efforts of mapping
upstream material sources where we don't directly
source the raw material, enables increased visibility
and ability to conduct due diligence.
• Sourcing country breakdown, based on identified
sources:
Mill Country Locations: Austria, Belgium, China, France,
Germany, Sweden, U.S.
Other Risk Mitigation Efforts
• In order to understand the carbon footprint of steel
suppliers inside our supply chain, as well as those we
don't work with, we continued to work with Climate
TRACE, a coalition of researchers and NGOs, with a
mission to have an open-source global emissions
inventory. Tesla worked with Climate TRACE
members on how to make industrial data sets most
useful for large steel purchasers. This innovative
data-stream enables Tesla not only account more
accurately for our current emissions, but also to
perform scenarios of future sourcing strategies.
• This year, Tesla engaged with more than a dozen steel
producers across multiple continents on their
decarbonization strategies.
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3TG (Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten and Gold):
Risk Identification and Mitigation Summary
Impact Report 2023
Tesla staff at a 3TG mine visit in Peru
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
3TG (Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten and Gold):
Risk Identification and Mitigation Summary
Mining communities in the Democratic Republic of the
Congo (DRC) and other upstream 3TG sourcing regions
are essential to the production of Tesla products. Mining
in conflict-affected contexts has a history of negative
impacts on communities, including human rights abuses.
Our due diligence process includes supplier engagement,
visiting 3TG production regions with the purpose of
observing on-the-ground conditions, meeting with local
stakeholders and exploring opportunities for positive
impact. Through these efforts, we aim to avoid
contributing to human rights abuses, conflict, and
instability through our sourcing, with the ultimate aim to
improve on-the-ground conditions in and around 3TG
mining communities.
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3TG:  
2023 Key Achievements
Impact Report 2023
Robust Requirements
Stakeholder Engagement
Audits
Upstream Engagement
Impact
Impact (Continued)
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
3TG:
2023 Key Achievements
Robust Requirements
• Communicated enhanced requirements to tier-1
suppliers and smelters/refiners (SORs)
• Surveyed tier-1 suppliers to identify SORs that
process 3TG in products supplied to Tesla and
country of origin of minerals
• Encouraged removal of certain actors from supply
chain due to infeasibility of improvements
Stakeholder Engagement
• Solicited program feedback from NGOs, such as
actors in the DRC and groups seeking to advance
the rights of indigenous peoples
• Chaired the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI)
Gold Team Working Group
"The assessment provided me an opportunity to confirm that our
internal procedures and policies are aligned with the standards,
and the assessment will allow us to improve more quickly."
- Oscar, Compliance Officer
Audits
• Funded three Responsible Minerals Assurance
Program (RMAP) assessments to increase compliant
SORs in Tesla's supply chain via contributions to the
RMI Audit Fund
• Proposed concrete suggested improvements to
industry audit program
Upstream Engagement
• Visited two artisanal mines and two processing
facilities in a gold production region in Peru
• Engaged one gold aggregator to become Peru's 1st
RMAP-audited gold aggregator
Impact
• Initiated "Tesla Tech for Good" product donation
project aimed at mitigating adverse human rights
impacts of mining while simultaneously driving
GHG reductions
More information is available in our Conflict Minerals Report
and our Responsible Sourcing Policies.
•
Impact (Continued)
• Supported the expansion of the Better Mining
Supply Chain Due Diligence Monitoring, Corrective
Action Plans and 3T minerals traceability program in
the DRC and Rwanda to two additional 3T mine sites,
enabling on one hand a substantial increase in
volume of Better Mining-assured 3T minerals, and on
the other hand, an increase of the number of
impacted workers by 44.5% in these most upstream
positions of the global minerals supply chain.
"Through constant on-site presence and the development of
innovative technology, Better Mining brings necessary
transparency to conditions on artisanal- and small-scale mine
sites, supporting continual improvements and bridging the ethical
and accountability gap from consumers towards the ASM
operators and their local communities, which are vital for the
achievement of the downstream's sustainability goals. I am very
proud of the proven replicability and continued impact and growth
of our program over the years, and I am grateful for the
commitment of our supporters in this journey."
- Emmanuel Ngueyanouba, Director of RCS Global Better
Mining Programme
130

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131
Tesla Tech for Good:  
A Case Study in Applying Technology
to Remedy Harm Associated With
Supply Chain Activities
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Tesla Tech for Good:
A Case Study in Applying Technology
to Remedy Harm Associated With
Supply Chain Activities
Although critical to the EV transition, mining operations
can cause a range of potential adverse impacts, for
example related to health and safety and the environment.
Tesla believes that accelerating the world's transition to
sustainable energy should not cause additional harm. The
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a country of
particular relevance to the mineral trade, has been in
conflict for almost three decades, sustained through the
trade of minerals. Too often the minerals leave the country
but don't come back-a one way street. In acknowledging
the consequences of mining operations, we initiated our
Tesla Tech for Good product donation project, aimed at
mitigating adverse human rights impacts of mining while
simultaneously driving GHG reductions. During a 2022 trip
to East Africa, Tesla pursued opportunities to apply our
technology to mitigate adverse impacts of supply chain
operations, provide remedy for harm caused, and
maximize positive impact for people and the planet.
We met with Panzi Hospital & Foundation, a center of
excellence in the DRC that provides holistic treatment for
survivors of sexual violence-a tactic used by armed actors
to perpetuate conflict, gain greater access to resources
and control smuggling routes.
Panzi has touched the lives of more than 80,000 survivors
of sexual violence, including those affected by wartime,
and another 25,000 women with serious gynecological
injuries. In collaboration with Panzi and based on their
renewable energy strategy, in early 2024 Tesla donated ten
Powerwalls and hardware accessories to be installed at one
of Panzi's clinics in the DRC.
Tesla and Panzi share the belief that everyone should have
access to sustainable, modern, and clean energy to meet
their decarbonization goals and address energy insecurity
-especially those who are providing life-saving healthcare.
131
The Powerwalls will enable Panzi to work even in times of
energy loss and avoid costs associated with running
diesel-fuel generators. In recognition that many social
impact initiatives fail to provide long-term solutions, to
support sustaining impact of the project, we have
committed to fund maintenance costs on the equipment
for the next ten years.
Tesla continues to seek opportunities to collaborate with
organizations close to mining communities to find
transformative solutions and address harm associated
with supply chain activities. A sustainable future is one in
which the rights of everyone are respected and included
in a just energy transition.

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132
Proactive Supplier
Engagement & Risk Analysis
Impact Report 2023
Global Standard
Responsible Sourcing Teams
Risk-Based Approach
Supplier Selection Guidelines
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Proactive Supplier
Engagement & Risk Analysis
Global Standard
In alignment with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Due Diligence
Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, risk
analysis and identification is a foundational pillar of
Tesla's Responsible Sourcing framework to
understand human rights and environment-related
risks and violations in its supply chain.
Responsible Sourcing Teams
Tesla's Responsible Sourcing teams lead risk analysis
efforts globally across all sourcing scopes while
developing and implementing fit-for-purpose plans to
prevent or mitigate actual or potential adverse impacts.
Teams are strategically embedded within the supply
chain organization, ensuring that environmental and
social impacts of our suppliers are monitored and
addressed in collaboration with supply chain
leadership and buyers directly responsible for sourcing
parts, materials and services along with managing
supplier relationships and performance.
Collaboration with legal and compliance teams
ensures cross-functional alignment. This overall
structure encourages a proactive approach to identify
and act on both supply chain risks and opportunities
to have a positive impact globally as our operational
footprint grows.
Risk-Based Approach
Tesla teams leverage the Supplier Self-Assessment
Questionnaire (SAQ), Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) audits and the Tesla Integrity Line to monitor
alignment with our Supplier Code of Conduct as well as
our Global Human Rights and Responsible Sourcing
policies, driving a risk-based due diligence approach
that informs when and where to allocate additional
resources to prevent, mitigate and report adverse
impacts on people, the environment and society. When
the likelihood and severity of an adverse impact is high,
then due diligence is more extensive.
132
Supplier Selection Guidelines
In 2023, we added responsible sourcing due diligence to
Tesla's internal Global Procurement Policy supplier
selection guidelines to include social and environmental
criteria in sourcing decisions before awarding business to
any supplier, including but not limited to, CSR audit
scores, SAQ results, complaints submitted via Tesla's
Integrity Line and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

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133
Supplier Self-Assessment
Questionnaire (SAQ)
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Supplier Self-Assessment
Questionnaire (SAQ)
The Supplier Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ)
pushes Tesla sourcing efforts beyond generalized
risk associated with certain commodities and
countries by requiring each unique location providing
production parts, materials or services to Tesla to
submit a response to the SAQ. Suppliers affirm that
they have policies, processes and controls at the
manufacturing site level consistent with all Supplier
Code of Conduct topic areas: labor, health and
safety, environment, ethics and supply chain
responsibility. This systematic process to identify risk
at scale based on actual practices enables Tesla
teams to proactively prioritize more extensive due
diligence for high-risk suppliers based on the extent
of potential impact on workers' health, safety or
fundamental human rights and number of workers/
employees impacted at the supplier site.
In 2023, we scaled our SAQ program from pilots to full
launch reaching nearly 1,000 supplier sites and will
continue our outreach in 2024. Follow-up with suppliers
includes communication of risks identified and best
practices along with development of supplier specific
improvement plans, such as guidance on how to close
policy gaps and building supply chain mapping
capabilities. Additionally, we will communicate results to
supply chain leadership and buyers.
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134
Supplier Self-Assessment
Questionnaire (SAQ)
Impact Report 2023
2022
68%
984
1.5 million
40
85%
Supply Chains Assessed
All direct supplier categories,
including batteries, aluminum,
chemicals, etc.
Indirect materials/services

Service centers, construction and
on-site contractors
87%
93%
81%
61%
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Supplier Self-Assessment
Questionnaire (SAQ)
Year initiated
Response rate
Total number of supplier
manufacturing site submissions
Number of impacted
workers/employees
Number of countries represented
% of suppliers with a social
responsibility policy
2022
68%
984
1.5 million
40
85%
% of suppliers with an
environmental policy
% of suppliers with a health
and safety policy
% of suppliers with a Supplier
Code of Conduct
% of suppliers that have conducted
a supply chain mapping exercise to
identify upstream (e.g., Tier 2, Tier
3, Tier 4) suppliers
87%
93%
81%
61%
Supply Chains Assessed
All direct supplier categories,
including batteries, aluminum,
chemicals, etc.
134
Indirect materials/services
Service centers, construction and
on-site contractors

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135
Grievance Mechanisms
Impact Report 2023
Grievance Channel Number of Concerns Related to Responsible Sourcing
Total 4
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Grievance Mechanisms
We receive concerns related to responsible sourcing
through a variety of grievance channels. 2023 was the
first full year the Tesla Integrity Line was available to
external parties to raise a potential concern. There is a
clear process, detailed and publicly available here. Tesla
Integrity Line was added to the Tesla Supplier Portal in
2023 to make it more accessible to supply chain workers
with access to the Portal.
Grievance Channel
Tesla Integrity Line
Responsible Business Alliance
Responsible Minerals Initiative's Minerals Grievance Platform
Total
135
Number of Concerns Related to Responsible Sourcing
1
1
2
4

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136
Grievance Mechanisms
Impact Report 2023
Supply Chain Category of Concern Process to Address
Concern
Outcome
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Grievance Mechanisms
Below are three examples of concerns received and how
we acted on them:
Supply Chain
Battery
Gold
Tier 2 interior lighting
Category of Concern
Alleged improper
use of funds
Alleged deforestation,
forced labor, human
rights concerns
Alleged worker-paid
recruitment fees
Process to Address
Concern
Engaged with involved parties, launched
investigation with compliance team and
external counsel, reviewed documents
and process
Engaged with audit programs, engaged
directly with gold refiners, sought to
understand concerns of impacted
stakeholders by engaging directly with an
organization that seeks to advance the
rights of Indigenous peoples
Engaged directly with Tier 1 supplier to
launch investigation
Outcome
Found no breach of contract
and worked with the partner
to improve processes
Encouraged removal of
certain actors from Tesla's
upstream supply chain
Engaged Tier 1 supplier with
audit programs
136
In addition to promoting supply chain use of the Tesla
Integrity Line, as part of our CSR Audit Program, we
assess suppliers' conformance with our Supplier Code of
Conduct expectation to maintain a grievance mechanism
of their own. This is assessed through site observation,
records review and interviews of management and
workers. In 2023, 96% of supplier facilities demonstrated
conformance with this expectation.*
We also act on concerns raised through avenues such as
via NGOs, investors, customers and employees, among
others. For continual improvement we are exploring
opportunities to improve supplier awareness of Tesla's
Integrity Line. In the future, we seek to incorporate input
from affected-stakeholders on our grievance-handling
process, including representatives from vulnerable groups
and human rights defenders with the goal to ensure that
our mechanism is responsive to the needs of affected
stakeholders.
*Based on Initial Audits conducted during 2023 against Tesla's Supplier
Code of Conduct

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137
Sourcing for Social Impact
Impact Report 2023
Programs
External Stakeholder Engagement
Internal Stakeholder Engagement
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Sourcing for Social Impact
We invest in communities where we operate-not just in
our direct operations but in our supply chain as well to
ensure that investments in a sustainable future are
equitable. Sourcing for Social Impact programs promote
purchasing policies, programs and processes that
contribute to socio-economic benefits where Tesla
suppliers operate. We operate and source from all types of
communities and want to make sure that everyone has
access to economic development opportunities in the
sustainable energy future.
Programs
Specific programs promote inclusive sourcing from
suppliers that traditionally would not have access to
procurement opportunities.
We established a Gigafactory Texas Historically
Underutilized Business (HUB) program in 2020 as part of
our Economic Agreement with Travis County with a
focus on identifying suppliers in construction materials
and services to support ongoing factory expansion.
More broadly, the purpose of the agreement is to stimulate
and encourage business and commercial activity in
Travis County as Tesla invests in new construction of
Gigafactory Texas operating facilities. Since 2020, Tesla
has spent over $100 million with qualified HUB program
suppliers, supporting the growth of small-, minority- and
women-owned businesses in Texas.
External Stakeholder Engagement
Held face-to-face meetings with six different Austinarea minority supplier and small business chambers of
commerce/councils for in-depth learning sessions on
their capabilities and how to leverage them to increase
HUB supplier participation.
Became a corporate member of the Southwest
Minority Supplier Development Council (SMSDC).
SMSDC is a multi-stakeholder organization
headquartered in Austin focused on minority-owned
business (M BE) advocacy, development, certification
and connection. Joining SMSDC as a corporate
member supports ongoing efforts to identify and
increase spend with HUB suppliers.
Moreover, ongoing corporate member training
services will further strengthen Tesla's Sourcing for
Social Impact program to be in alignment with best
practices while building relationships with Austinarea stakeholders.
Internal Stakeholder Engagement
Led sourcing organization wide training on Sourcing
for Social Impact-covering three learning
objectives: 1) explain why sourcing for impact
matters, 2) identify resources to search for suppliers
and track spend and 3) commit to at least one action
which contributes to Tesla's Sourcing for Social
Impact program.
Launched Sourcing for Social Impact Steering
Committee comprised of buyers, supply chain
leadership and global sustainability teams to provide
stakeholder advisory support, guidance and
strategic oversight of the program to ensure its
success by embedding initiative objectives across
sourcing teams.
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138
Sourcing for Social Impact
Impact Report 2023
$1.4B 32% 45%
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Sourcing for Social Impact
•
inclusive spend
since 2021
of year-over-year
inclusive spend increase
%
of year-over-year increase in
number of impacted suppliers
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139
Corporate Social
Responsibility Audits
Impact Report 2023
Initial Audits
Closure Audits
Workers Impacted by Audits
Countries included in audits
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Corporate Social
Responsibility Audits
In 2023, our Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) audit
program continued to be a key component of how we
identify and mitigate risks at our suppliers' sites. It
provides us with the ability to have an independent
assessment of our direct supplier's performance to our
Supplier Code of Conduct. Our requirement of Corrective
Action Plans for non-conformances identified during the
audit also means we are contributing to tangible
improvements in the lives of workers at our suppliers'
facilities, regardless of being employees or contract
workers, as well the processes and management systems
at supplier facilities. Our own audit team continued to
attend a large portion of on-site audits, including 50% of
initial audits, to stress the importance of the program and
ensure Tesla's quality expectations were met.
As part of our quality assurance process, Tesla
implemented an auditor training program, reviewing
Tesla's process and requirements with auditors approved
to conduct audits for Tesla. These trainings involved 134
auditors and included a comprehension test at its
conclusion.
We also began incorporating upstream supplier audit
results into our CSR audit program, a recognition that our
responsibility does not stop at tier 1 suppliers and that we
must continue to promote best practices throughout the
supply chain. We hold these audits to the same standard:
audits conducted to the RBA's audit checklist and by an
independent firm approved by the RBA.
We strengthened our already stringent expectations of Initial Audits 156
suppliers for what is considered sufficient to pass an audit.
Until 2023, this included only the requirement of zero Closure Audits 73
priority non-conformances to avoid a closure audit. In
2023 we added the expectation that suppliers have a Workers Impacted by Audits 73,065
score of 60% or higher, otherwise they must undergo a
complete re-audit of their facility within one year. Countries included in audits 11
139

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140
Corporate Social
Responsibility Audits
Impact Report 2023
Risk Component Weighting Audits Conducted (Initial+Closure)
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Impact Report 2023 Supply Chain
Corporate Social
Responsibility Audits
Tesla bases its selection of tier-1 suppliers for
CSR audit on the following criteria:
Risk Component Weighting
Country 30%
Spend 25°/o
SAQ 20%
Product 15%
Supplier Impact 10%
Supplier Audit Findings
(2019-2023)
Audits Conducted (lnitial+Closure)
Average Non-Conformance per Audit*
Labor
Health & Safety
Environment
Ethics
Management Systems
* Breakdown for initial audits only
2019
109
24
30.5%
29.1°/o
13.2%
3.8%
23.5%
140
2020 2021 2022 2023
79 55 170 229
20 15 20 19
30.2% 37.6% 33.0%
35.5% 31.3% 31.5% 33.9%
14.6% 13.0% 14.2% 13.0%
0.6% 0.5% 1.8% 1.4%
19.0% 17.7% 19.5% 19.8%

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Appendix
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Appendix 141
Appendix
Supporting Materials
TCFD
SASB
United Nations SDG Alignment
Key Metrics
Management Assertion
141
142
143
144
146
152

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Impact Report 2023 142
Topic
TCFD
Accounting Metric Response
Impact Report 2023
TCFD
Topic
Governance
Strategy
Risk Management
Metrics & Targets
Appendix
Accounting Metric
Describe the Board's oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities.
Describe management's role in assessing and managing climate-related risks
and opportunities.
Describe the climate-related risks and opportunities the organization has
identified over the short, medium, and long term.
Describe the impact of climate-related risks and opportunities on the
organization's businesses, strategy and financial planning.
Describe the resilience of the organization's strategy, taking into consideration
different climate-related scenarios, including a 2°C or lower scenario.
Describe the organization's processes for identifying and assessing climaterelated risks.
Describe the organization's processes for managing climate-related risks.
Describe how processes for identifying, assessing and managing climaterelated risks are integrated into the organization's overall risk management.
Disclose the metrics used by the organization to assess climate-related risks
and opportunities in line with its strategy and risk management process.
Disclose Scope 1, Scope 2 and, if appropriate, Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions, and the related risks.
Describe the targets used by the organization to manage climate-related risks
and opportunities and performance against targets.
Response
Please see "Governance: Overview" and "Managing Climate Risk" on pages 6 and 10 of this report.
Risks: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 11 of this report. Please see "Sustainability
Assessment" on page 8 of this report.
Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 5 of this report. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on page 8 of
this report.
Opportunity: Please see "Our Mission" on page 5 of this report.
Transition Risk: Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 10 of this report for climate-related
procurement risks. Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 10 of this report for other climate-related
transition risks. Please see "Sustainability Assessment" on page 8 of this report.
Physical Risk: Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 11 of this report.
Analysis of financial-related impacts from climate-related risks is ongoing.
Opportunities: Please see "Our Mission" on page 5 of this report.
142
Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 11 of this report. Additionally, Tesla's Responsible Sourcing
Team works closely with critical suppliers to ensure they are hardening their operations against future climate risk. See
Supply Chain section, pages 113-130.
Please see "Governance: Overview" and "Managing Climate Risk" on pages 6 and 10 of this report, and "TCFD: Physical
Climate Risk Assessment" on page 11 of this report.
Tesla's Responsible Sourcing Team works closely with our suppliers to ensure they are operating in a way that mitigates
future climate risk. For further discussion of these efforts, please see page 113 of this report.
Please see "Governance: Managing Climate Risk" on page 10 of this report.
Please see more information on our GHG emissions on page 10 and "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment" on page 11
of this report.
Please see "Key Metrics: GHG Emissions" on pages 146-147 of this report.
Please see "Decarbonization at Tesla" on pages 37-46 of this report. Please see "TCFD: Physical Climate Risk Assessment"
on page 11 of this report.

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Impact Report 2023 143
SASB
Topic Accounting Metric Response
Impact Report 2023 Appendix
SASB
Topic
Product Safety
Labor Practices
Fuel Economy and Use-Phase
Emissions
Materials Sourcing
Materials Efficiency and Recycling
Number of Vehicles Manufactured
Number of Vehicles Sold
Accounting Metric
Percentage of models rated by NCAP programs with overall 5-star safety
ratings, by region.
Response
Please see pages 61-70 for our discussion of vehicle safety. Please see page 63 for specifics related to our 5-star
safety ratings.
Number of safety-related defect complaints, percentage investigated. Tesla reviews 100% of NHTSA VOQ complaints filed for any and all Tesla vehicles produced.
Number of vehicles recalled (percentage conducted with OTA software update*). Number of U.S. recalls in 2023 (how many of those were software only): 13 (46%)
Percentage of active workforce covered under collective bargaining agreements.
(1) Number of work stoppages and (2) total days idle.
Sales-weighted average passenger fleet fuel economy, by region.
Number of {1) zero emission vehicles (ZEV), (2) hybrid vehicles and {3) plug-in
hybrid vehicles sold.
Discussion of strategy for managing fleet fuel economy and emissions risks
and opportunities.
Description of the management of risks associated with the use of critical
materials.
Total amount of waste from manufacturing, percentage recycled.
Weight of end-of-life material recovered, percentage recycled.
Average recyclability of vehicles sold.
Number of U.S. vehicles affected in 2023 (how many of those were software only): 2,590,571 (99%)
Number of Global recalls in 2023 (how many of those were software only): 17 (41%)
Number of Global vehicles affected in 2023 (how many of those were software only): 5,729,212 (99%)
No Tesla employees in the U.S. are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Some Tesla employees outside of the
U.S. are covered by collective bargaining agreements only to the extent required by law.
0/0
Please see pages 28-30 for discussion/data.
Tesla only sells zero-emission vehicles. In 2023, we delivered 1,808,581 vehicles.
Please see page 27 for a discussion on fleet fuel economy. Please see Sustainability Assessment on page 8 for a
discussion on climate-related risks and opportunities.
Please see Supply Chain section, pages 113-130.
Please see Key Metrics on page 148.
We make the best effort to recycle every battery pack we can. Please see pages 50 for a discussion on our circular
solutions programming. Please see page 39 for a discussion on our end-of-life methodology. Please see Key Metrics on
page 149 for our 2022 and 2023 end of life emissions.
Please see page 50 for a discussion on our circular solutions programming.
1,845,985
1,808,581
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Impact Report 2023 144
United Nations SDG Alignment
Impact Report 2023 Appendix
United Nations SDG Alignment
The United Nations defined a blueprint of 17 sustainable
development goals to meet the urgent environmental,
social, political and economic challenges facing our
world. We understand that companies can play a critical
role in providing solutions to these challenges. Our
mission to accelerate the world's transition to
sustainable energy directly addresses some of these
challenges-our products and services have helped to
create industry demand for sustainable energy products.
In 2023, we conducted a sustainability assessment to
determine strategic focus areas both material to the
business and salient to the society and the environment
(please see page 8 for more information). On the next page,
we've mapped our focus areas to the most relevant
Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs).
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Impact Report 2023 145
UN SDGs Focus Areas
Reduced Inequalities
Sustainable Cities and
Communities
Responsible Consumption
and Production
Climate Action
Life Below Water
Life on Land
Peace, Justice and Strong
Institutions
Partnerships for the Goals
UN SDGs Focus Areas
No Poverty
Zero Hunger
Good Health and Well-Being
Quality Education
Gender Equality
Clean Water and Sanitation
Affordable and Clean Energy
Decent Work and
Economic Growth
Industry, Innovation
and Infrastructure
United Nations SDG Alignment Goals
Impact Report 2023 Appendix
United Nations SDG Alignment Goals
UN SDGs
No Poverty
Zero Hunger
Good Health and Well-Being
Quality Education
Gender Equality
Clean Water and Sanitation
Affordable and Clean Energy
Decent Work and
Economic Growth
Industry, Innovation
and Infrastructure
Focus Areas
Responsible Sourcing
Child Labor & Forced Labor
Waste Management & Recycling, Circularity
Product Quality & Safety
Responsible Sourcing
External Stakeholder Engagement
Respectful Workplace & Equal Opportunities
Water Use & Management
Inclusive Energy Transition
Product Quality & Safety
Responsible Sourcing
Grievance Mechanisms & Access to Remedy
Responsible Data & Cybersecurity
Responsible Al
Inclusive Energy Transition
Occupational Health & Safety
Talent Management & Employee Wellbeing
Employee Engagement
External Stakeholder Engagement
Respectful Workplace & Equal Opportunities
Government Relations Policy
UN SDGs
Reduced Inequalities
Sustainable Cities and
Communities
Responsible Consumption
and Production
Climate Action
Life Below Water
Life on Land
Peace, Justice and Strong
Institutions
Partnerships for the Goals
Focus Areas
Government Relations Policy
Inclusive Energy Transition
Talent Management and
Employee Wellbeing
Waste Management & Recycling, Circularity
Air Quality & Reducing Toxic Emissions
Product Quality & Safety
Responsible Data & Cybersecurity
Responsible Al
Occupational Health & Safety
Biodiversity
Climate Change & Risk Management
Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency
Inclusive Energy Transition
Biodiversity
Waste Management & Recycling, Circularity
Waste Management & Recycling, Circularity
Business Ethics & Anti-Corruption
Government Relations Policy
Grievance Mechanisms & Access to Remedy
Child Labor & Forced Labor
Respectful Workplace & Equal Opportunities
Government Relations Policy
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Impact Report 2023 146
Key Metrics Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG Emissions (mtCO2e)
2021 GHG Emissions (mtCO2e) Scope 1 Scope 2 (Location Based)
Manufacturing + Support
SSD
Other
Totals
2022 GHG Emissions (mtCO2e) Scope 1 Scope 2 (Location Based)
Manufacturing + Support
SSD
Other
YoY Manufacturing GHG Emissions
(mtCO2e/vehicle) 
Totals
YoY Manufacturing GHG Emissions
(mtCO2e/vehicle) 
2023 GHG Emissions (mtCO2e) Scope 1 Scope 2 (Location Based)
Manufacturing + Support
SSD
Other
Totals
Impact Report 2023 Appendix
Key Metrics
As we consistently monitor and refine our carbon
footprint reporting, it's inevitable that we'll need to
update emissions data from previous years. Our
methodologies have only gotten more precise as we
have been able to gather more real, granular, and
regionalized data.
Please refer to the most recent Impact Report for
accurate GHG emission figures for historical years.
Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG Emissions (mtC02e)
2021
2022
2023
GHG Emissions (mtCO2e)
Manufacturing + Support
SSD
Other
Totals
GHG Emissions (mtCO2e)
Manufacturing + Support
SSD
Other
Totals
YoY Manufacturing GHG Emissions
(mtC02e/vehicle)
GHG Emissions (mtCO2e)
Manufacturing + Support
SSD
Other
Totals
YoY Manufacturing GHG Emissions
(mtC02e/vehicle)
Scope 1
124,000
31,000
30,000
185,000
Scope 1
148,000
27,000
27,000
202,000
-29%
Scope 1
151,000
29,000
31,000
*211,000
-10%
Scope 2 (Location Based)
342,000
35,000
26,000
403,000
Scope 2 (Location Based)
305,000
74,000
29,000
408,000
Scope 2 (Location Based)
331,000
98,000
37,000
*466,000
*Third-party assurance provider performed an attest engagement on the Scope 1 and 2 GHG emission totals but did not evaluate emissions by site type.
Please see the assurance letter at the end of this report.
146
588,000
610,000
677,000

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Impact Report 2023 147
Scope 3 GHG Emissions (mtCO2e)
Scope 3 Categories 2023 GHG Emissions (mtCO2e) 2022 GHG Emissions (mtCO2e)
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 4
Category 5
Category 6
Category 7
Category 8
Category 9
Category 11
Category 12
Impact Report 2023 Appendix 147
Scope 3 GHG Emissions (mtC02e)
Scope 3 Categories 2023 GHG Emissions (mtCO2e) 2022 GHG Emissions (mtCO2e)
Category 1 39,020,000 30,701,000*
Category 2 4,490,000 4,267,000
Category 3 247,000 227,000
Category 4 558,000 557,000
Category 5 255,000 478,000
Category 6 53,000 37,000
Category 7 369,000 608,000
Category 8 75,000 77,000
Category 9 314,000 389,000*
Category 11 3,207,000 3,409,000
Category 12 766,000 421,000
*Restated 2022 values are due to increase in data accuracy capability.

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Impact Report 2023 148
Key Metrics
Uptime of Tesla Supercharger Sites
Uptime of Supercharger Sites* 2023
Health & Safety 2023
Vehicle Safety
Number of Vehicular Accidents Per Million Miles Driven (2022) 2023
Water Withdrawal for
Manufacturing (cubic meters) 2023
YoY Reduction Total Water/Vehicle -2.4%
Energy Consumption (kWh) 2023
Waste Generated in
Manufacturing (metric tons) 2023
Total 397,211
YoY Reduction Total Waste/Vehicle -6.3%
Impact Report 2023 Appendix
Key Metrics
Vehicle Safety
Number of Vehicular Accidents
Per Million Miles Driven (2022)
Autopilot Engaged
FSD Engaged
No Active Safety
Total US Vehicle Fleet
Health & Safety
ASTM Level One Rate
Fatalities
2023
0.18
0.21
0.81
1.49
2023
2.51
1*
*Unfortunately, Tesla experienced an employee fatality in China in February of 2023.
Uptime of Tesla Supercharger Sites
Uptime of Supercharger Sites*
Uptime
2023
99.97%
2022
0.18
0.31
0.68
1.53
2022
2.86
0
2022
99.95%
2021
2021
3.57
1
2021
99.96%
*Uptime of Supercharger sites reflects the average percentage of sites globally that had at least 50% of their daily capacity functional for the year.
Energy Consumption {kWh) 2023
Electricity Consumption (non-renewable) 1,129,864,000
Electricity Consumption (renewable) 420,083,000
Fuel Consumption 1,029,221,000
Waste Generated in
Manufacturing {metric tons)
Recycled Hazardous Waste
Recycled Non-Hazardous Waste
Disposed Hazardous Waste
Disposed Non-Hazardous Waste
Incinerated Hazardous Waste
Incinerated Non-Hazardous Waste
Total
YoY Reduction Total Waste/Vehicle
2023
6,273
347,304
4,345
29,307
7,567
2,415
397,211
-6.3%
2022* 2021
6,641 13,092
286,518 230,916
20,471 18,599
38,737 14,244
n/a n/a
n/a n/a
352,366 276,851
-5.42%
Waste num~ers have previously been reported in short tons-all numbers have been stated (for 2021 and 2022, restated) in metric tons and will be reported
here on out in metric tons.
*Restated 2022 values are due to increase in data accuracy capability.
Water Withdrawal for
Manufacturing {cubic meters)
Total Freshwater Withdrawal
YoY Reduction Total Water/Vehicle
2023
3,871,927
-2.4%
2022 2021
3,363,398 2,874,904
-15%
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Impact Report 2023 149
Average Lifecycle Emissions
United States (g CO2e/mi)
Model 3/Y 
(Standard Range RWD)
Manufacturing Phase &
Supply Chain
Use Phase Total
New York (g CO2e/mi)
Model 3/Y  
(Standard Range RWD)
Manufacturing Phase &
Supply Chain
Use Phase Total
Europe
Model 3/Y  
(Standard Range RWD)
Manufacturing Phase
& Supply Chain
Use Phase Total
China (g CO2e/mi)
Model 3/Y  
(Standard Range RWD)
Manufacturing Phase &
Supply Chain
Use Phase Total
France (g CO2e/mi)
Model 3/Y  
(Standard Range RWD)
Manufacturing Phase &
Supply Chain
Use Phase Total
Sichuan Province (g CO2e/mi)
Model 3/Y  
(Standard Range RWD)
Manufacturing Phase &
Supply Chain
Use Phase Total
United States (kgCO2e/kWh)
Megapack 2XL* 114
Impact Report 2023 Appendix
Average Lifecycle Emissions
United States (g C02e/mi)
Model 3/Y
(Standard Range RWD)
Personal Use (solar charged)
Personal Use (grid charged)
ICE
Europe
Model 3/Y
(Standard Range RWD)
Personal Use (solar charged)
Personal Use (grid charged)
ICE
China (g C02e/mi)
Model 3/Y
(Standard Range RWD)
Personal Use (solar charged)
Personal Use (grid charged)
ICE
United States (kgC02e/kWh)
Megapack 2XL*
Manufacturing Phase &
Supply Chain
72
62
48
Manufacturing Phase
& Supply Chain
114
103
64
Manufacturing Phase &
Supply Chain
114
103
65
Manufacturing Phase &
Supply Chain
114
Use Phase
0
54
397
Use Phase
0
37
396
Use Phase
0
129
400
Total
72
116
445
Total
114
139
459
Total
114
231
466
*Use phase emissions from our energy storage systems calculations are in progress, including development of methodologies and the
refining of real-time data
149
New York (g C02e/mi)
Model 3/Y Manufacturing Phase & Use Phase Total
(Standard Range RWD) Supply Chain
Personal Use (solar charged) 72 0 72
Personal Use (grid charged) 62 46 108
ICE 48 397 445
France (g C02e/mi)
Model 3/Y Manufacturing Phase & Use Phase Total
(Standard Range RWD) Supply Chain
Personal Use (solar charged) 114 0 114
Personal Use (grid charged) 103 11 113
ICE 64 396 459
Sichuan Province (g C02e/mi)
Model 3/Y Manufacturing Phase & Use Phase Total
(Standard Range RWD} Supply Chain
Personal Use (solar charged) 114 0 114
Personal Use (grid charged) 103 32 134
ICE 65 400 466

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Impact Report 2023 150
Awards and Certifications
EHS Awards Certifications
Impact Report 2023 Appendix
Awards and Certifications
EHS Awards
• Tesla Global Energy-The National Safety Council
Innovation Award Runner Up for the creation and
implementation of the leadership engagement tool used
to verify and validate essential safeguards
• Gigafactory Texas-Austin Water Excellence in
pretreatment Award
• Fremont Factory-True CBCI Gold Certified zero waste
• Gigafactory Shanghai-UL 2999 Zero Waste to Landfill
Platinum Award
• Gigafactory Shanghai-China National Green
Factory Award
• Fremont Factory-Certificate of Merit Award-Union
Sanitary District for "exceeding USD's standards for
compliance, working in a collaborative relationship with
USD's Environmental Compliance team, and working
with USD in protecting our communities and SF Bay"
Certifications
• Gigafactory Nevada, Gigafactory New York, Gigafactory
Shanghai-ISO 14001 and ISO 45001 certified
• Tesla, Inc. Information Security, Cybersecurity, and Privacy
Protection ISO/IEC 27001 certified
• Australia Energy-EHS management system certification
from the OFSC, Office of the Federal Safety Commission
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Report of Independent Accountants
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Management Assertion 152
Report of Independent Accountants
To the Board of Directors of Tesla Inc.
We have reviewed the accompanying management assertion of Tesla,
Inc. (Tesla) that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions metrics for the
year ended December 31, 2023, in management's assertion are
presented in accordance with the assessment criteria set forth in
management's assertion. Tesla's management is responsible for its
assertion and for the selection of the criteria, which management
believes provide an objective basis for measuring and reporting on the
GHG emissions metrics. Our responsibility is to express a conclusion
on management's assertion based on our review.
Our review was conducted in accordance with attestation standards
established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
(AICPA) in AT-C section 105, Concepts Common to All Attestation
Engagements, and AT-C section 210, Review Engagements. Those
standards require that we plan and perform the review to obtain
limited assurance about whether any material modifications should be
made to management's assertion in order for it to be fairly stated. The
procedures performed in a review vary in nature and timing from, and
are substantially less in extent than, an examination, the objective of
which is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether management's
assertion is fairly stated, in all material respects, in order to express an
opinion. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Because of the limited nature of the engagement, the level of
assurance obtained in a review is substantially lower than the
assurance that would have been obtained had an examination been
performed. We believe that the review evidence obtained is sufficient
and appropriate to provide a reasonable basis for our conclusion.
We are required to be independent and to meet our other ethical
responsibilities in accordance with relevant ethical requirements
related to the engagement.
The firm applies the Statements on Quality Control Standards
established by the AICPA.
The procedures we performed were based on our professional
judgment. In performing our review, we performed inquiries,
performed tests of mathematical accuracy of computations on a
sample basis, read relevant policies to understand terms related to
relevant information about the GHG emissions metrics, reviewed
supporting documentation in regard to the completeness and
accuracy of the data in the GHG emissions metrics on a sample basis,
and performed analytical procedures.
pwc
GHG emissions quantification is subject to significant inherent
measurement uncertainty because of such things as GHG emissions
factors that are used in mathematical models to calculate GHG
emissions, and the inability of these models, due to incomplete
scientific knowledge and other factors, to accurately measure under
all circumstances the relationship between various inputs and the
resultant GHG emissions. Environmental and energy use data used in
GHG emissions calculations are subject to inherent limitations, given
the nature and the methods used for measuring such data. The
selection by management of different but acceptable measurement
techniques could have resulted in materially different amounts or
metrics being reported.
As discussed in management's assertion, Tesla has estimated GHG
emissions for certain emissions sources for which no primary usage
data is available.
152
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications
that should be made to Tesla's management assertion in order for it to
be fairly stated.
San Jose, California
April 25, 2024

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153
Management Assertion 
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
Overview Organizational Boundary
Impact Report 2023 Impact Report 2023 Management Assertion
Management Assertion
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
Overview
With respect to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
metrics for the year ended December 31, 2023,
presented in table 2 below, which are also included in
this Tesla Impact Report 2023 as identified by the u*"
symbol, management of Tesla, Inc. (Tesla) asserts that
the GHG emissions metrics are presented in accordance
with the assessment criteria set forth below.
Management is responsible for the selection of the
criteria, which management believes provide an
objective basis for measuring and reporting on the GHG
emissions metrics, and for the completeness, accuracy,
and validity of the GHG emissions metrics. Tesla's GHG
emissions are rounded up to the nearest thousand.
Organizational Boundary
Tesla uses the operational control approach to account for
and report its global Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions.
This includes sites engaged in manufacturing; sales,
service, and delivery; and other activities described below.
Data Centers (leased locations that house Tesla computer
systems and associated components), Superchargers
(electric vehicle fast charging stations), and beginning in
2023, malls (leased retail storefront within shopping malls
for Tesla products) are not included in our boundary as
Tesla determined they do not have operational control over
emissions from these sites. Data for new or acquired sites
are included once the site has been operating for at least a
year at the beginning of the reporting period. Conversely,
sites that closed or ceased operations during the reporting
period are not included in Tesla's organizational boundary.
153

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154
Management Assertion 
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
Impact Report 2023
Site Type Site Activities
Table 1: Description of Tesla Sites
GHG Emissions and Assessment Criteria 1,2,3 Quantity
Table 2: Metrics – GHG Emissions
Impact Report 2023 Management Assertion
Management Assertion
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
Table 1: Description of Tesla Sites
Site Type
Manufacturing
Sales, Service, and Delivery (SSD)
Other
Table 2: Metrics - GHG Emissions
GHG Emissions and Assessment Criteria 1•
2•3
Scope 1 GHG Emissions 4
Direct GHG emissions occurring from stationary combustion,
mobile combustion, refrigerant losses, and process emissions.
Scope 2 GHG Emissions (location-based) 5
Indirect GHG emissions from the generation of electricity and
district heating purchased by Tesla for site operations.
Site Activities
• Manufacture Tesla products, including vehicles, Superchargers, solar tiles, and energy
storage products.
• Support manufacturing through the design and manufacture of equipment and tools used
at manufacturing sites or by storing manufacturing materials, parts, or finished products.
• Sell products, provide vehicle service, store parts for vehicle service, and deliver vehicles.
• Conduct research & development, administration, energy product warehousing
and deployment, and other mixed-use warehousing.
Quantity
211,000 Metric Tons CO2e
466,000 Metric Tons CO2e
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155
GHG Emissions Disclosure
1
Impact Report 2023
2 3
Management Assertion 
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
Impact Report 2023 Management Assertion
Management Assertion
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
GHG Emissions Disclosure
CD Tesla considers the principles and guidance of
the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the
World Business Council for Sustainable
Development's (WBCSD) Greenhouse Gas
Protocol Initiative's A Corporate Accounting and
Reporting Standard, Revised Edition, and GHG
Protocol Scope 2 Guidance, An Amendment to
the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (together
the "GHG Protocol") to guide the criteria to
assess, calculate and report GHG emissions.
GHG emissions quantification is subject to
significant inherent measurement uncertainty
because of such things as GHG emissions
factors that are used in mathematical models to
calculate GHG emissions, and the inability of
these models, due to incomplete scientific
knowledge and other factors, to accurately
measure under all circumstances the relationship
between various inputs and the resultant GHG
emissions. Environmental and energy use data
used in GHG emissions calculations are subject
to inherent limitations, given the nature and the
methods used for measuring such data. The
selection by management of different but
acceptable measurement techniques could have
resulted in materially different amounts or
metrics being reported.
Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions are
inclusive of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide
(N2O), methane (CH4), and industrial gases such as
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride
(SFs). Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and nitrogen
trifluoride (NF3) are not emitted by Tesla's sites.
Emissions data by individual gas is not disclosed
as a majority of CO2e in Table 1 relates to CO2.
These carbon dioxide equivalent emissions utilize
Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) defined by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's
(IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5 -100 year),
unless a different Assessment Report is already
embedded in the emission factor source. Carbon
dioxide equivalent emissions are calculated by
multiplying actual or estimated energy and fuel
usage, refrigerant gas loss or process emissions by
the relevant emission factor and GWP. All emission
factors are updated annually where applicable.
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Impact Report 2023 156
GHG Emissions Disclosure
4
Management Assertion 
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
Impact Report 2023 Management Assertion
Management Assertion
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
GHG Emissions Disclosure
0 Related to Scope 1 GHG emissions:
a. Stationary combustion (natural gas):
• Combustion from stationary equipment and
machinery.
• Global natural gas usage data was collected from
monthly utility invoices obtained from third-party
providers.
• If usage data was not available, Tesla estimated the
natural gas usage by determining an annual natural
gas usage rate per square foot based on actual
2023 monthly natural gas usage data for sites in a
similar geographic location and type of site. This
rate was then multiplied by the square footage of
the site building space.
• Emission factors: United States (U.S.)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emission
Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2023.
b. Stationary and mobile combustion
(propane, diesel, and gasoline):
• Combustion from emergency and portable generators,
powered industrial vehicles (e.g., forklifts), temporary
space heaters, and other portable equipment (e.g.,
landscaping equipment).
• Propane, diesel, and gasoline usage data was collected
from invoices and fuel reports obtained from third-party
providers.
• Emission factors: U.S. EPA Emission Factors for
Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2023.
c. Emissions from refrigerant loss to the atmosphere:
• Fugitive emissions from refrigeration, air conditioning,
or similar equipment resulting from leakage and service
over the operational life of the equipment.
• Loss data was collected from invoices and vendor
reports for refrigerant refills purchased and/or installed.
• Emission factors from refrigerant loss:
U.S. EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas
Inventories 2023; United Kingdom (UK): UK database
published by the Department for Environment Food &
Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 2023; IPCC Fifth Assessment
Report 2013.
d. Fleet mobile combustion (diesel and gasoline):
• Combustion from the operation of Tesla's on-road
and non-road vehicles.
• Diesel and gasoline usage (volume) was collected
from fuel cards issued by Tesla's fleet management
partner. Vehicle miles driven by Tesla on-road
vehicles was collected from odometer readings and
real time telemetries on each vehicle.
• Tesla classified vehicles by type: diesel medium and
heavy-duty vehicles, gasoline passenger cars,
gasoline light-duty trucks, gasoline heavy-duty
vehicles, and non-road
• industrial/commercial equipment. Temporary light
duty fleet additions for operational use were
categorized as 'other', for which only CO2 emissions
are calculated, because Tesla does not have detailed
information on what type of vehicles were rented
and miles driven.
• CO2 emissions were calculated by multiplying the
relevant emission factor by the volume of diesel and
gasoline used by Tesla's on-road and non-road
vehicles for the year ended December 31, 2023.
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Impact Report 2023 157
GHG Emissions Disclosure
Management Assertion 
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
Impact Report 2023 Management Assertion
Management Assertion
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
GHG Emissions Disclosure
• CH4 and N20 emissions were calculated by
multiplying the relevant emission factor
(depending on vehicle type and age) by the miles
driven by Tesla's on-road vehicles, and by the
volume of diesel and gasoline used by Tesla's nonroad vehicles for the year ended December 31,
2023.
• Emission factors: U.S. EPA Emission Factors for
Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2023.
e. Process emissions:
• Lithium-ion battery cell recycling:
• Emissions from processing manufacturing
scrap lithium-ion cells at the Gigafactory
Nevada cell recycling site.
• The concentration of CO2 and CH4 in emissions
(emission rates) were measured during two
emissions source tests. GHG emissions were
calculated by multiplying the quantity of
manufacturing scrap processed, as recorded
by the recycling plant operations team, by the
CO2 and CH4 emission rates developed based
on the emissions source tests.
• Emission of CO2 resulting from cleaning plastic
parts with liquid CO2:
• CO2 emissions were assumed to equal the mass
of liquid CO2 used in the cleaning process as
measured by liquid CO2 sensors on the tank.
• Combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
emitted to thermal oxidizers at manufacturing sites:
• The quantity of VOCs emitted to thermal
oxidizers were estimated by calculating the
potential to emit or by a continuous emissions
monitoring system.
• The CO2 equivalent emissions were calculated
using the number of carbon atoms in the VOCs,
the molecular weight and the mass of the VOC
exhausted to the thermal oxidizers and
multiplied by the destruction efficiency of the
thermal oxidizer.
f. Estimated emissions from the sources above account
for approximately 3.8% of Scope 1 GHG emissions.
g. Excluded Scope 1 GHG emissions: Tesla excluded the
following sources of GHG emissions, which are
estimated to represent less than 1 percent of Tesla's
reported Scope 1 GHG emissions:
• GHG emissions from emergency stabilization of
damaged and potentially damaged lithium-ion cells.
• GHG emissions resulting from the chemical reaction
of two-part polyurethane foam adhesives.
• GHG emissions resulting from oxy-acetylene welding
used to maintain sites and equipment.
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Impact Report 2023 157
GHG Emissions Disclosure
5
Management Assertion 
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
Impact Report 2023 Management Assertion
Management Assertion
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
GHG Emissions Disclosure
® Related to Scope 2 GHG emissions
(location-based):
• GHG emissions from the generation of
electricity purchased by Tesla for site
operations. For sites that include
Superchargers, Tesla did not include
electricity procured for customer use through
the Supercharger stations as those emissions
are included in Scope 3, Category 11 Use of
Sold Products. For purchased electricity
relative to Data Centers, those emissions are
included in Scope 3, Category 8 Upstream
Leased Assets.
• Global electricity usage data was collected
from monthly utility invoices obtained from
third-party providers.
• If monthly usage data was not available:
• For sites with less than 12 months of usage
data, Tesla estimated the electricity usage by
extrapolating the average consumption for the
available months in the reporting period.
• Tesla estimated the electricity usage by
determining an annual electricity usage rate per
area based on 2023 monthly electricity usage
data for sites in a similar geographic location
and type of site. This rate was then multiplied
by the area of the site building space.
• If cost data was available without the
associated usage, Tesla used local unit costs to
calculate usage.
• District Heating usage data was collected from
invoices obtained from third-party providers.
If usage data was not available, Tesla estimated the
usage by extrapolating the average consumption
for the available months. If no data was reported,
usage was based on sites in a similar geographic
location and type of site.
• The WRI and WBCSD issued additional guidance
for Scope 2 emissions in 2015 (in GHG Protocol
Scope 2 Guidance, An Amendment to the GHG
Protocol Corporate Standard), which sets forth
reporting under both location-based and
market-based methodologies, where the prior
version of the GHG Protocol only addressed a
location-based methodology. The locationbased method applies average emission factors
that correspond to the grid where the
consumption occurs, whereas the market-based
method applies emission factors that correspond
to energy purchased through contractual
instruments. Where contractual instruments
were not purchased, the market-based emission
factors represent either the residual mix, where
available, or the location grid-average factors.
This management assertion only includes Tesla's
location-based Scope 2 GHG emissions as Tesla
is continuing to implement its processes to
measure and report its market-based Scope 2
GHG emissions.
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Impact Report 2023 158
GHG Emissions Disclosure
Management Assertion 
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
Impact Report 2023 Management Assertion
Management Assertion
Scope 1 & 2 GHG Emissions
GHG Emissions Disclosure
• Emission factors:
• Electricity:
• Canada: Environment Canada. 2023 National
inventory report: greenhouse gas sources
and sinks in Canada.
• U.S.: U.S. EPA Emission Factors for
Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2023.
• Shanghai: Shanghai Municipal Bureau of
Ecology and Environment 2022.
• China: China Regional Power Grids 2022.
• All other countries: International Energy
Agency (IEA) Emissions Factors 2023.
• District Heating: U.S. EPA Emission Factors for
Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2023.
• Estimated emissions from the source above account
for approximately 8.8% of Scope 2 GHG emissions.
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Impact Report 2023 159
Feedback on
This Report
Impact Report 2023 Feedback
Feedback on
This Report
Tesla aspires to do the right thing, and we are
constantly looking for ways to do better. If you have
suggestions about how our company can improve in
any way, feel free to send your ideas to
impactreport@tesla.com.
The statements made in this report speak only as of the date on which they
are made. We do not assume any obligation to update or revise any
statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or
otherwise, except as required by law.
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