WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024 Trade and inclusiveness How to make trade work for all

WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024 Trade and inclusiveness How to make trade work for all

@samitranjan

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Business #Inclusiveness #GlobalTrade #TradePolicy #WorldTradeOrganization #EconomicGrowth

WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024 Trade and inclusiveness How to make trade work for all

@samitranjan6 days ago

WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
Trade and inclusiveness
How to make trade work for all

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What is the World
Trade Report?
The World Trade Report is an annual
publication that aims to d…

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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements and Di…

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The World Trade Report 2024 was prepared under th…

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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
DISCLAIMER
The World Trade Repor…

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ABBREVIATIONS
AGOA African Growth and Opportunity Act
AI artificial intelligence
EIF Enha…

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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
TFA WTO Trade Facilitation Agreem…

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FOREWORD BY
THE WTO
DIRECTOR-GENERAL
The mission of the World Trade Organization, as
…

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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
FOREWORD BY THE WTO DIRECTOR-GENE…

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Never before have the living conditions and
prospects of so many people…

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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
to the diffusi…

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activities in tradable sectors. However, these
adjustment processes require functioning d…

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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Trade policy …

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in absolute levels, with the level observed in 2020
comparable to that of the early 1900s…

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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
benefit as mu…

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underpinned by the multilateral trading system has
enabled some developing economies to c…

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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
in negotiatio…

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purposes, such as tariffs, subsidies and export
restrictions, are subject to WTO discipli…

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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
statements at…

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AIntroduction
Global trade is often accused of creating a more
unequal world, but in fac…

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A INTRODUCTION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
Our world is onl…

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than 40 per cent. Today, those shares have reversed:
Brazil, China, Indonesia and other d…

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A INTRODUCTION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
US per capita in…

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The combination of declining physical and policyinduced trade costs has helped to fuel an …

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A INTRODUCTION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
has allowed them…

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Either way, the globalization of technology has made
it easier, cheaper and quicker for m…

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A INTRODUCTION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
correlation betw…

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opening commitments and to increase transparency
and information-sharing, and can help to…

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A INTRODUCTION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
Moving towards m…

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– are fast becoming services exporters, because new
digitally delivered services, such as…

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A INTRODUCTION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
and within econo…

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BTrade and income
convergence
The past quarter of a century has witnessed an
unprecede…

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Key points
• Trade expansion during the period 1995-2020 led to 30 per cent
faster income conver…

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1. Globalization has led to
income convergence,
but some economies have
been left beh…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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Three-quarters of diverging economies exhibited
trade participation that was below the av…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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informal to formal businesses can improve
productivity, even within the exporting sector.…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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host economies, helping them to achieve sustained
economic growth and avoid the middle-in…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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less technologically advanced economies have
a higher potential to benefit from the diffu…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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The number of concerns raised by developing
economies with regard to regulatory measures …

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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with strong purchasing power (as discussed in
Section B.2). However, while non-reciprocal…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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production and delivery, and require contracting across
jurisdictions. This increases the…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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The enforcement of intellectual property (IP)
rights can be particularly important to fos…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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into higher-quality products by limiting the
gains from trade for small producers. About …

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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regions (Topalova, 2010; Kovak, 2013; Bell et al.,
2015; Dix-Carneiro and Kovak, 2017; Er…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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and undertaking the aftercare of investors (Sauvant,
2015; OECD, 2018). Investment promot…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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(ii) Digital revolution enables new
opportunities for services trade-led
development
T…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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Leveraging trade to foster a more
inclusive digital economy in Africa
By Landry Signé
S…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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structure of regions. Industries dependent on
natural resources, such as agriculture, for…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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government regulations in digital markets can facilitate
more effective utilization of di…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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Endnotes
1 Economic growth has been found to lead to an almost oneto-one rise in the real…

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B TRADE AND INCOME CONVERGENCE
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
…

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CTrade and inclusiveness
within economies
Trade has raised aggregate welfare and reduced…

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Key points
• Over the past 30 years, trade has generated substantial welfare
gains and p…

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1. Trade raises overall incomes
and reduces poverty without
necessarily increasing inequa…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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Box C.1: Global inequality has fallen recently
Global inequality refers to the distributio…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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(i) Comparative advantage and offshoring lead
to differential impacts of trade on workers…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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Offshoring has been linked to increased wage
inequality. The rise of global value chains …

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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region. This generates a large number of potential
impacts that trade may have on workers…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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the effects of trade opening through consumption
are. Recent studies have found that US c…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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Felix, 2022; Amodio and Roux, 2024). Some large
exporting firms have been found to offer …

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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shape individuals’ mobility towards specific economic
opportunities, affecting their educ…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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by MSMEs, as discussed above (World Bank and
WTO, 2020). Female workers and business-owne…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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According to the World Bank Enterprise Surveys,
exporting firms tend to employ a higher p…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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constrain prices in the short run, they tend to aggravate
crises elsewhere and to reduce …

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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The complex interplay between inequality and
attitudes about globalization
By Stefanie W…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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between large and small firms (ITU, 2023b; OECD,
2021). In addition, digital services ten…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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reduce the number of reshored jobs by making some
imported inputs and tasks (typically th…

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C TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS
WITHIN ECONOMIES
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE …

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DInclusive trade and
international cooperation
This chapter discusses how the multilater…

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Key points
• The WTO’s rules-based trading system supports all economies,
especially the…

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1. Ensuring that the WTO leaves
no economy behind
(a) The WTO has contributed to converg…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE T…

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Lower trade policy uncertainty has also played
an important role in facilitating imports…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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customs compliance issues, and contains provisions
for technical assistance and capacity…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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Box D.1: Development considerations have progressively been integrated into the GATT and W…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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This disparity arose as a result of decades of tariff
negotiations among advanced econom…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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developing economies – submit, on average, less than
one TBT notification per year. In t…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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(b) The WTO can do more to help economies that
have not fully benefited from trade
Grea…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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Soft rules and the informational role
of the WTO
By Giovanni Maggi
Howard H. Leach Pro…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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has dropped by one third over the past two decades.
Strengthening international cooperat…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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by developed economies.10 As part of the efforts to
make S&DT provisions in WTO agreemen…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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However, the potential of such thorough analysis
to facilitate progress in S&DT talks re…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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Other trade-distortive domestic instruments
used to manage the distributional impact of …

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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graduated from LDC status to mainstream trade into
their own development plans, thereby …

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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consultations or more formal arrangements (e.g.,
working groups). They can support vulne…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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extend mobile telephony benefits across all societal
strata, facilitating access to reso…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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effects. International cooperation on competition
policies ensures a level playing field…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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Efforts within the WTO and other international
organizations aim to foster collaboration…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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economies include explicit labour provisions. Labour
provisions typically include commit…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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Box D.5: Policy space to adopt labour-related trade measures in the WTO
Part of the debat…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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There is, however, little direct empirical evidence on
the distributional effects of the…

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D INCLUSIVE TRADE AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE …

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
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Over the past 30 years, the world has witnessed
a period of unp…

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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL E CONCLUSIONS
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face mobility bar…

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
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for both economic growth and inclusiveness, as
they address mar…

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
Bibliography
Aar…

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
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Arisoy, B. (2022), “Digitalization in Education”, Cypriot Journal…

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
Balistreri, E.J. …

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
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Branstetter, L.G., Fisman, R. and Foley, C.F. (2006), “Do Stronge…

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
A Field Experimen…

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
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Munich: Center for Economic Studies and Institute for Economic
…

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
Francois, J., Hoe…

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
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Handley, K., Limão, N., Ludema, R. and Yu, Z. (2024), “Firm Input…

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
International Tra…

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
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Li, Y. and Wilson, J.S. (2009), “Trade Facilitation and Expeditin…

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
Milanovic, B. (20…

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
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Owen, J.R. and Kemp, D. (2015), “Mining-Induced Displacement and …

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
Shah, V.M. and Sh…

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
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United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the
…

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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TRADE AND INCLUSIVENESS:
HOW TO MAKE TRADE WORK FOR ALL
Yang, C. (2023), …

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024
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Note
WTO members are frequently referred to as “countries”, alth…

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World Trade Organization
154, rue de Lausanne
CH-1211 Geneva 2
Switzerland
Tel: +41 (0)22 739 5…

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World Trade Report 2024
Over the past 30 years, the world has witnessed a period of
unprecedente…

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WORLD TRADE REPORT 2024 Trade and inclusiveness How to make trade work for all

@samitranjan

The 2024 World Trade Report discusses trade and its role in promoting inclusiveness within and between economies. The report emphasizes the necessity for complementary domestic policies to ensure that the benefits of trade are more widely distributed, ultimately aiming for a more equitable global economy where the advantages of trade are accessible to all.

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#Inclusiveness #GlobalTrade #TradePolicy #WorldTradeOrganization #EconomicGrowth

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